چاشنی لیمو Makes a lemon dressing for pasta
¼ cup of lemon juice
یک چهارم فنجان اب لیمو
¼ cup of olive oil
یک چهارم فنجان روغن زیتون
2 tablespoons of garlic powder
دو میز- قاشق ها پودر سیر
2 tablespoons of dry basil
دو میز- قاشق ها برگ ها خشک
Salt and pepper
نمک و فلفل
Dash of nutmeg
یک کم جوز
How to combine with Pasta
پاستا می پزد
چاشنی لیمو با پاستا در کاسه مخلو طکند
Learn more about Persian with some of my Farsi Resources here.
Animals: dog, cat, fish, bird, ‘animal’ (dog/cat/fish/bird = animal), snake, cow, pig, mouse, horse, elephant, tail, wing
Transport: train, plane, car, bicycle, bus, boat, tire, gasoline, (train) ticket
City/Countryside: city, house, street, airport, train station, bridge, hotel, farm, a crowd, court
Clothes: hat, dress, skirt, shirt, T-shirt, pants, shoes, pocket
Colors: red, green, blue (light/dark), yellow, green, brown, pink, orange, black, white, gray
People-related: son, daughter, mother, father, man, woman, brother, sister, family, grandfather, grandmother, husband, wife, king, queen, neighbor, boy, girl, religion, death, money
Beverages: coffee, tea, wine, beer, juice, water, milk
Food/Food Related: eggs, cheese, bread, soup, cake, chicken, pork, beef, apple, banana, orange, lemon, corn, rice, oil, seed, knife, spoon, fork, plate, cup, breakfast, lunch, dinner, sugar
Home: table, chair, clock, bed, lamp, window, door, bedroom, kitchen, bathroom, pencil, pen, photograph, soap, cell phone, computer, laptop, camera, television, book, key, paint
Body: head, face, hair, eye, mouth, nose, ear, tongue, back, finger, toe, leg, foot, heart, blood, brain, tooth, knee, sweat, disease, bone, beard, tear (drop)
Nature: sea, river, mountain, rain, snow, tree, sun, moon, forest, plant, wind, soil/earth, flower, valley, root, lake, star, grass, leaf, air, sand, beach, ocean, wave, morning, evening, night
Jobs: doctor, waiter, priest, police, firefighter
Materials, Measurements, Math: glass, metal, wood, stone, clay, meter, centimeter, kilogram, inch, pound, half, circle, square, silver, gold, diamond, copper
Misc: ball, game, price, gun, dream, left, right, straight, bag, box, barrel, map, a dot, poison, needle, consonant, vowel, light, yes, no
Seasons: Summer, Spring, Winter, Fall
Numbers: 1-22, 31, 32, 41, 42, 51, 52, 61, 62, 71, 72, 81, 82, 91, 92, 100, 101, 102, 110, 111, 1000, 1001, 10000, 100000, 1000000
Months: 1-12 (use a calendar and numbers)
Days of the week: 1-7 (use a calendar and numbers) (learning these leads into “Today/Yesterday/Tomorrow”)
Times: year, month, day, hour, minute, second (use a calendar and clock)
Cardinal Numbers: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th
Verbs that are somewhat easy to picture:
to work, to play, to go, to walk, to run, to drive (careful with verbs of motion!), to follow, to think, to speak/say, to eat, to drink, to kill, to die, to smile, to laugh, to cry, to buy, to shoot(a gun), to jump, to smell, to see, to taste, to touch, to hear, to kiss, to burn, to melt, to dig, to explode, to sit, to stand, to love, to drive, to pass, to cut, to fight, to lie down, to dance, to sleep, to wake up, to sing, to count, to marry, to pray, to win, to lose, to mix/stir, to bend, to wash, to cook, to open, to close
Adjectives/Adverbs that are somewhat easy to picture:
long/short, tall/short, wide/narrow, big/small, slow/fast, hot/cold, new/old, good/bad, wet/dry, sick/healthy, loud/quiet, happy/sad, beautiful/ugly, deaf, nice/mean, rich/poor, thick/thin, expensive/cheap, flat/curved, male/female, tight/loose
This post includes a powerpoint that goes with Virginia SOL 13d, The Federal Reserve System. The powerpoint includes images, diagrams and charts.
Teachers wishing to use this will need to add in the vocabulary as it may have changed and any Quiz questions they want to add in the specific slides
Federal Reserve System PowerPoint
Video for use with questions.
80th Infantry Division drew men from VA, West VA, PA
Chinese Restaurants
DC in the 1890s first ones appear: https://ggwash.org/view/32254/then-now-the-only-chinese-restaurant-east-of-the-river
Pittsburgh, Early 1900s: http://old.post-gazette.com/lifestyle/20031209chinatown1209p1.asp
Philadelphia: http://www.ushistory.org/tour/chinatown.htm Restaurant NAME: Mei-Hsian Lou
Montana: http://mentalfloss.com/article/88648/delicious-history-nations-oldest-chinese-american-restaurant
Below are some World War II Propaganda Posters that I like.
I had the opportunity to do a little research at the Anti-Saloon League Museum. I pulled out some documents you might be able to use to enhance your World War One Impression.
This post will contain information on Civil Affairs in World War II and how to set-up a reenacting impression around it.
Field Manuals
FM 27-5 Civil Affairs: Dec 22nd 1943.
Studies
Civil Affairs in World War II: A study from the Center for Strategic and International Studies
Is produced by hand-cutting glass. Cut glass used to contain heavy amounts of lead and to get the right designs glass-makers would add crystal or “flint” to it. Cut glass is used primarily for tableware and comes in many styles. Most glassware was signed with the name of the producer, etched into the glass. Reproductions of cut-glass tend to have signatures embossed.
Carnival Glass is pressed glassware produced in the 1900s-1930. The glass came in many colors including brights (like red, green, blue, purple, etc.) and pastel colors (like clear, white, smoke, lavender, and opalescent). The pastel colors have less of a finish. Red is the most highly collectible color as it required fair amounts of gold oxides to produce it. Marigold is the most widely available color. When the depression hit and glass styles changed producers of carnival glass gave it away to…carnivals as prizes.
It was sprayed with a metallic finish that made it look oily in nature. Five companies produced the majority of it in the US.
1. Fenton Art Glass Co. of Williamstown WV
2. Imperial Glass Corporation of Bellaire, OH
3. Millersburg Glass Company of Millersburg, OH
4. Northwood Glass Company of Wheeling, WV
5. Dugan Glass Company of Indiana, PA
Cheaply produced colored glassware as automation and industrialization finally caught up to glassmaking. This glassware was marketed for middle-income and working-class Americans. This glassware came with purchases from stores or mail-order catalogs. Glassware was of any kind including bowls, shakers, dishes (all kinds), creamers, sugars, vases, jars, pitchers, measuring cups etc. Pink is the most common glass color, followed by Green and Amber. The rarer Depression glass colors are red, black, cobalt blue, and yellow. The rarest types of Depression Glass are the ones that incorporate glass bases for citrus juices (reamers).
Fiestaware is brightly colored pottery. It was produced from 1936 to 1973. It was re-started in 1986. Collectors seek the original colors: Red, Yellow, Cobalt, Light-Green, Ivory, Turquoise. Fiesta Red was pulled from the market in 1943 as it used uranium to help create its color and the uranium was needed for the war effort. Chartreuse(gray and rose-colored) was added as a color scheme in the 1950s and earthy tones arrived by the 1970s. The rarest color is medium green.
Produced glass from the early 1900s-1950s. Focused mostly on crystal or cut glass. Can find designs of stars, swirls, squares, etc. Produced mostly bowls, plates, tumblers, and cocktail glasses. Most collectible of Cambridge Glass are the Square Series produced shortly before it went out of business. Would eventually be bought by Imperial Glass.
This company began reproducing Carnival glass in the 1960s using some of the original molds, however, the difference between period-correct carnival glass and Imperial Glass Reproductions is that the new glass is marked IG at the bottom.
Produced Carnival and then Depression glass. Before 1970 most Fenton glass had a sticker. If no sticker look for an absence of the pontil mark (typically seen as a dimple, chipped-looking section, or lumpy bump that indicates the punty rod was detached from the glass as it was cooling). Fenton Glass used a different kind of punty rod that left clean breaks. After 1970, Fenton glass will mark the piece of an “F” or “Fenton” somewhere on the item
See: http://www.ehow.com/how_7330459_authenticate-fenton-glass.html
http://entertainmentguide.local.com/detect-fake-fenton-glassware-8067.html
Produced Art Glass, Cut-Glass, and Carnival Glass. The symbol is an “H” inside a diamond.
Produced all kinds of glassware but not much of Carnival or Depression. Glass marked with the word “Libbey”
Produced some carnival and depression but mainly milk glass. Early Westermoreland marks were a “W” within what appears to be an upside-down lampshade. The intertwined “W” and “G” were not developed until 1949. In 1983, all Westmoreland glass was marked “Westmoreland.”
Anchor-Hocking and Fire King:
Jeannette Glass Company
Liberty Works
MacBeth-Evans Glass Company
US Glass Company
Hazel Atlas Company
Indiana Glass Company
Fostoria Glass Company
Federal Glass Company
Paden City Glass Company
McKee Glass Company
New Martinsville
L.E. Smith Company
Lancaster Glass Company
US Company (?)
Belmont Tumbler Company
Dell Glass
Diamond Glass-ware Company
Homer-Laughlin China Company-Fiesta Ware
1.Florence, Gene.1999. The Pocket Guide to Depression Glass and More: 1920s-1960s. 11th Ed. Collector Books. This is a Good source that puts pictures with the different pattern types.
2. Pickvet, Mark. 1996. Collecting Glassware. Alliance Publishers. This is a general overview of glass history, glass styles, glass companies.
Below are some scanned copies and information related to Zippos in World War two for the reenactors.
The two pdfs below outline a general progression of Zippo from 1932 to 1950, including the famed black crackle zippo of the World War Two Era.
The following pdfs show a specific progression of Zippo lighters from 1933 to early 1941.
Zippo also had wartime ads to promote Zippos
Here is the message Zippo had which announced the change to the black crackle
The next pdf shows a specific progression from 1941 to the early 1950s.
In the 1990s, there was a market for nostalgia and Zippo manufactured Zippos in the same style as the 1930s and 1940s
The final pdf shows the change in packaging throughout the years
Below are some specific details and analysis of the Zippo from 1932 to 1954
Zippo: The Great American Lighter by David Poore 1997 Schiffer Publishing Ltd.
During World War I and again during World War II, the American Red Cross launched nationwide, volunteer-driven knitting campaigns to supply soldiers and war refugees with warm clothing. These volunteer knitters belonged to a Red Cross unit called the Production Corps that also produced bandages and sewn garments (such as pajamas) for veterans and civilian hospitals.
Military knitting patterns were designed to be compatible with soldiers’ and sailors’ uniforms and were required to be knitted in olive drab or navy blue. Production Corps volunteers would also knit from patterns designed for convalescing soldiers, such as the “Walking Cast Toe Sock,” the “Cap for the Bandaged Head” and the “Man’s Coat Sweater.”
The chart below shows some different patterns for knitting. The Wristlets pattern comes courtesy of the Estate of Ray and Anita Sexton, Oneida, TN (*).
During World War II, the Red Cross Production Corps was by far the most popular unit with over 3.5 million members, spread throughout 3,304 chapters. Unlike other volunteer jobs, there was no prerequisite training, and recruitment and task assignments were accomplished quickly. The women, and in some cases the men, that volunteered enjoyed the camaraderie and the fact that workrooms were set up not only at chapter buildings, but also at schools, churches, and other public or private facilities for their convenience.
From 1939 to 1946 the volunteers of the Production Corps made: 63,552,649 garments for civilians and the military 1,403,158 infant garments 31,237,900 kit bags containing cigarettes, playing cards, soap etc. 2,481,951,637 surgical dressings Production Corps volunteers were broken down into committees organized by task. They included surgical dressings, sewing, and knitting.
Detailed instructions, patterns, and supplies were issued by the National Headquarters to chapters and each was assigned a quota to fill. Chapters had volunteers in charge of inspection, planning and supplies, workrooms and equipment, instruction, and packing and shipping
This was a knitting booklet made in 1942 by Chadwick’s Red Heart Wools, a knitting company. It’s 22 pages long and has knitting instructions for the following garments
You can download the Men’s Sweaters at Work and Play Book No.188 as a pdf here.
This was a knitting booklet made in 1941 by Chadwick’s Red Heart Wools, a knitting company. It’s 22 pages long and has knitting instructions for the following garments. It has instructions for the following patterns
You can download the Knit for Defense No.172 book as a pdf here.
This is another Red Cross knitting pattern. The booklet is Volume 318, dated 1940. Below are some images from the booklet and external links which explain more about the patterns.
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The links below are a digitized copy of the content found in the Red Cross knitting document, Warm Hand Knits for Servicemen. Read Me First: WWII Knitting FAQ
| WWII Plain Socks | WWII Hats and Helmets | WWII Mittens and Gloves | WWII V-Neck Sweater |
| WWII Turtleneck | WWII Sweater Vest | WWII Ear Muffs, Wristlets, Knee Caps, Muffler |
This is a 26-page book that includes 40 different knitting patterns. It was copyrighted in 1944 by Book Productions Industries Inc and published by Ethel Evans.
The book contains knitting patterns for:
Hand Knits for Servicemen can be downloaded as a pdf here.
Ethel Evans is actually the pen name of Ethel Rodman. She is a minor celebrity in the world of knitting and crocheting, as she published several authoritative books in this manner. Her brother is Edward Ray Goetz, a Hollywood producer, songwriter, and musician, who at one time was married to actress Irene Bordoni.
Ethel’s sister was Dorothy Goetz who at one time was married to Irving Berlin. Ethel and her sister are buried with their parents in Buffalo’s Forest Lawn Cemetery (section 9, Lot 282).
Now, oddly, she has a connection to UFOs. She witnessed a UFO incident called “Incident 88” or “Hackensack Event” because it was reported on Aug 3rd, 1947 in Hackensack, NJ. She sent letters and photos to the Air Force for about a year but stopped near the end of 1948. Incident 88 has a redacted archived copy that you can see.
This is a knitting guide made in 1947 by the Jack Frost Yarn Company. The company itself may have first started in 1928 according to the date it was trademarked.
The booklet contains the following patterns. Much of it seems to be kid focused and there may not be much use for WW2 Reenacting but the Men’s or Ladies mittens might work
You can download the booklet as a pdf here.
