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Major General Raymond Matera and Brigadier General Donne Harned 1987 Korean War Pilot Interview

I purchased a tape that had a 40-minute interview with two Korean War Pilots: Major General Raymond Matera and Brigadier General Donne Harned. The short stories below are a condensed version and are a quick outline. Unfortunately, I don’t know whose story is which on the tape. So they’ve been somewhat conflated. The full interview is at the bottom of the page in an MP3 format.

Black 90min cassette tape labeled 1987 Interview MG Matera and BG Harned

They’ve both since passed with Major General Raymond Matera dying in 2019 and Donne Harned dying in 2013.

The Interview was done on Sept 15th, 1987 by someone named Craig who seemed to be a Senior in High School.

In the interview, they talk about flying F80s, F84s, F86s. The F-80 is the Lockheed Shootingstar, The F-84 is the Thunderjet, and the F-86 is the Sabre.

They mention that the first flight in a jet plane was the first flight in a jet plane as no trainers (the T-33s) were available.

They talk about shooting down towed drone aircraft. Recalls a classmate Glen Dean (deen?) shooting down an F47 that was towing a plane and the pilot told him that the next time he does that he’s going to release the plane into his face.

Was assigned to the 81st Fighter Group; 91st Squad which flew F-86s.

A Lt Greenway was killed putting down gears as both wings fell off an F84 airplane because of an internal fire. A quick search indicates it’s likely 1st LT J. Ray Greenway. Who was hit with anti-aircraft fire and crash-landed at Taegu #1 field.

Used the F51b (the WW2 era Mustang) for close air support. Would have two 165-gallon fuel tanks for long-range escort missions. Donne Harned once got lost returning from a mission attacking dams on the Yalu River and eventually figured out he was 60 miles South of Valdisvastock…says “That was a long mission”.

Recall shooting up a power station North of Pyongyang during Pusan Perimitter actions. Both recall hitting trains.

Assigned to the 5th RCT and an unnamed ROK Division as Forward Air Controllers. Maj General Church commander of KMAG Forces supported them and gave them all sorts of radios to keep in contact with the ground.

Recall that the F84e had an oil-mist system (which provides continuous lubrication) and the number 3 bearing would fail.

Most missions air to ground – interdiction missions to cut rail lines.

They really liked the South African and Australian pilots.

Once saw an Australian fighter get shot down and saw the pilot sitting on the wing waiting to be captured. North Koreans sent back his blue and polka dot scarf he was wearing as a sign that he was still alive.

The biggest threat was Soviet anti-aircraft weapons that tracked by radar and Quad 50s. They were always about one burst behind ya.

Recalls Jim Tool(e?) a 49b graduating class shot down at 15,000 feet going 300-400 miles an hour.

All flight commanders during training were WW2 flight veterans. Helped keep us alive by teaching us the tricks.

Got back assigned 133rd Fighter Squadron in New Hampshire. Flew F-47s (the WW2 era Thunderbolt) recalls. it was a very quiet plane. had an enjoyable time flying it. After that flew the F94 (the Starfire) at the All Weather school for a while.

They flew F-89s (the Scorpion) after got back from Korea and flew F-86s too.

F-89s had afterburners (AB). Toggle switches near the canopy to enable the AB.

MB1 Genie Nuclear missiles were kept in Madison, WI as part of the plane’s armament. Not many people knew they had nuclear weapons in Madison. Kept them on pylons. Would have “no notice inspections” and officers would come in and harangue airmen for having dirt on the missiles. The ground crew would often leave smudges on the missiles and give everyone a fit.

Fired MB1s at drones in the Gulf of Mexico (put dynamite in it instead of nuclear warheads). It was a Rocket-propelled missle and “just it went off”.

Make mention that in June 1943 they joined the Marines but wanted to be a pilot. After college went back into the Air Force.

A discussion of the events in Nicaragua and Daniel Ortega as well as the current (1987 current) career path for Guard forces.

The most significant thing to happen to the reserve force was done by Secretary Laird’s “Total Force” Proclamation in 1970. Where the reserve forces also get top-line equipment to get airborne faster.

[Tape has a 10second cut out around 31min mark]

The interview more or less ends with Craig talking about post-high school paths and the possibility of joining the military.

Brigadier General Donne Harned gave another interview to the Madison Public Radio in 2005 as part of a Korean War Stories project which covers some of the details mentioned in the tape a bit more.

If you would like to download the MP3 file you can do so here.

If you need a transcript you can download it here.

With the purchase of the tape came a letter written in Dec 2000 where Craig sent the tape to an interested party named John. He also appears to be a militaria collector as he refers to items for sale. Based on the way the date is written it’s probable he spent considerable time in the military.

Letter written by craig sending the tape to someone named john
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Keynote Records – Red Army Choir of the USSR

Keynote Records was founded by Eric Bernay in 1937. It focused on left-wing folk music and pro-communism songs. The label included works by Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger and Paul Robeson. The offices for the label were at 522 Fifth Avenue New York 18, N.Y.

Keynote logo. A musical note with the circle a record and the word Keynote resting on top of it.
Keynote Records Logo

In 1943 to find a wider audience, he turned to Jazz.  Dinah Washington‘s recording debut was with Keynote at the end of 1943. 

In 1947 the label made an attempt to manufacture its own records that didn’t go as planned, resulting in the business being acquired by Mercury Records in 1948.

One popular record by Keynote was Songs of the Lincoln Brigade. It was produced in 1937. It is a collection of songs praising the soldiers who went to fight against fascism in the Spanish Civil War.

Eric Bernay, died on Nov 5th, 1968 , according to his obituary in the New York Times –

Eric Bernay obiturary article
New York Times, November 5, 1968, pp 44.

Many years ago I was traveling along the I-81 through the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia when I stopped at an antique store. Not sure of the town but I think it was North of New Market. I found a neat 78 record set, in mint condition. As well as a few single records.

The 78 record set was The Red Army Chorus of the USSR conducted by Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov. It is Keynote Records Album number 103.

The Red Army Chorus of the USSR front cover. As an image embedded on it of soviet soliders singing and dancing. Red in color.
Front cover

Opening it up showed the lyrics of the songs. It was four 78 records (so 8 songs total)

  • From Border to Border
  • The Young Birch Tree
  • Cossack Song
  • If Tomorrow Brings War
  • Snowstorm
  • Song of the Tachanka
  • Meadowland
  • Along the Vales and Hills
Lyrics of the album
Inside cover

One interesting thing is on the back cover. It has a Restricted Use Notice saying that the record is for non-commerical use on phonographs in homes and cannot be resold for any other use.

Inside back cover

It took a while but I was eventually able to digitize the songs below as an MP3. If you would like the .wav version of the songs, feel free to contact me and I can send you a copy. Enjoy!

From Border to Border

This song is number K209-A in the set and looks like it was composed by Ivan Ivanovich Dzerzhinsky. The song runs about a minute and 50 seconds. You can download the mp3 here or listen to it below. Sung by the Red Army Choir of the USSR.

The Young Birch Tree

The Young Birch Tree is song number K210-B. Music is adapted and conducted by Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov. Soloist is V. Pankov. You can download the MP3 or listen to it below.

Along the Vales and Hills

Along the Vales and Hills sang by The Red Army Choir of the USSR and conducted (and composed) by Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov. Also looks like C. Alimov helped to create it too. Number K208-A. You can download the MP3 here or listen to it below.

Cossack’s Song

Cossack Song (or Cossack’s Song) sang by The Red Army Choir of the USSR and conducted by Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov. Composed by Ivan Ivanovich Dzerzhinsky. Song number K209-B. You can download the MP3 here or listen to it below.

If War Breaks out Tomorrow

If War Breaks out Tomorrow (or If Tomorrow Brings War). Song number 201-A. sang by The Red Army Choir of the USSR and conducted by Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov. Composed by Dmitry Pokrass and Daniil Pokrass (they were brothers) as well as Vasily Lebedev-Kumach.

The lyrics note that the Red Army Chorus of the USSR was created in 1928 with 12 performers. It has won many awards and now has 200 performers coming from both the Red Army and the Red Navy.

You can download the MP3 here or listen to it below.

Meadowland (Song of the Plains)

Meadowland (Song of the Plains) is number K208-A. Sang by The Red Army Choir of the USSR and conducted by Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov. Song was composed by Viktor Gusev and Lev Knipper.

You can download the MP3 here or listen to it below.

Snowstorm

Snowstorm is number K210-A. Sang by The Red Army Choir of the USSR and adapted and conducted by Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov. Soloist is V. Pankov.

You can download the MP3 or listen to it below.

Tachanka

Tachanka is number K201-B. Sang by The Red Army Choir of the USSR and conducted by Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov. Lyrics by Mikhail Ruderman and composed by Konstantin Listov. A tachanka is a horse-drawn machine gun, mounted on a peasant cart.

machine gun mounted on a cart with two soliders standing nearby on a street.
Tachanka was used in WW1 (and the Russian Civil War)

According to Wikipedia, there are a lot more verses and/or the lyrics are a bit different depending on how translated. You can download the MP3 here or listen to it below.

From Kiev to Lubin

This is a single record that I also bought at the same time. It is number K213-B and is sung by the Ukrainian State Choral Ensemble. I’m not sure of the lyrics, though it appears to be a Ukrainian Folk song.

You can download the MP3 here or listen to it below.

From Kiev to Lubin record

The Internationale

The Internationale is a left-wing song used by various social and communist movements. It was composed by Pierre De Geyter. This is number K213-A and is sung by the Bolshoi Theatre Chorus and Orchestra. Looks like the group associated with the Bolshoi Theatre at the time sang it.

You can download the MP3 here or listen to it below.

Forward to Victory (Charge of the Tanks)

This was also part of the collection I purchased. Though this doesn’t appear to be Keynote Records. Instead, it is Forward to Victory (Charge of the Tanks). Number 6309B. Taken from the film The Red Tanks and sung by the Moscow Military Chorus (courtesy of Artkino Pictures). The Pokrass brothers composed it. It’s essentially a single from the movie’s soundtrack.

Artkino pictures were the official distributor of Soviet media (like movies and music etc) in North America between 1950 to 1980.

The Red Tanks or Tankisty was a movie made in 1939. You can find the full film on YouTube here.

You can download the MP3 here or listen to it below.

Forward To Victory label. Lettering in gold against a black background. Outline of soviet worker at top above spindle.

Song of the Fatherland

Song of the Fatherland, number 6309-A. Sung by the Moscow Military Chorus (courtesy of Artkino Pictures). A single from the film, One Day in Soviet Russia, was produced in 1941. The film is essentially a propaganda piece to help garner pro-soviet sympathy after Germany invaded it. It was narrated by Quentin Reynolds, a journalist, who would be very much anti-communist in the 1950s.

You can download the MP3 here or listen to it below.

Song of the Fatherland label. Lettering in gold against a black background. Outline of soviet worker at top above spindle.

The Internet Archive

The Internet Archive has Along the Vales and Hills, Snowstorm, From Border to Border, Cossack’s Song, The Young Birch Tree, and Meadowland available for download too. So if the MP3s aren’t to your liking you can find more copies there.

The archive also includes other Keynote Record songs like The Clouds Fly High and Blue Night. All were sung by The Red Army Choir of the USSR and conducted by Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov.

I’ve embedded both of those below.

Blue Night

Clouds Fly High

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Cigarettes in World War II

This link here http://www.questmasters.us/Crates_Page_3.html does a pretty good job at covering cigarettes during World War II. It focuses mostly on Lucky Strikes but includes others like Chesterfield + more.

I really like how it broke down the nuances of the packages and brands so the discerning collector knows what’s period correct and what isn’t.

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World War II Army Field Manuals

World War II Army Field Manuals

FM 7-10 Rifle Battalion Sept 1942

FM 7-15 Heavy Weapons Company Rifle Regiment May 1942

FM 7-40 Rifle Regiment Feb 1942

FM 20-15 Tents and Tent Pitching FEB 1945

FM 21-100 Soldiers Handbook 1941

FM 2345 Browning Machine Gun, Caliber .30, HB M1919A4

FM24-20 Field Wire Systems 4 OCT 1944

FM 105-5 Umpire Manual April 1942

FM 105-5 Umpire Manual MAR 1944

FM 70-15 Operations in Snow and Extreme Cold NOV 1944

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Building a 60mm Mortar for the WW2 Reenactor

60mm mortar Belgium

The information contained below is for historical and educational purposes. Unless you have the right local, state, and federal requirements and licenses you should not build a mortar that launches real shells filled with TNT.

The Poor Man’s Armorer a “…Magazine of Improvised Weaponry” was a magazine that was created in 1978 or 1979 by Bonnie and Clyde Barrow (likely a pseudonym for Kurt Saxon). The magazine was essentially a hobbyist magazine appealing to folks interested in shooting, hunting, exotic weapons development, and survivalist types. It was published for a couple of years and had several editions. Finding a complete physical book is difficult, however, there are E-editions online where one can find a complete book or at least a complete edition such as the one at Archive.org: The Poor Man’s Armorer Vol 2.

Kurt’s politics aside (which if I am being generous are incoherent), he did publish a chapter in one of the editions on how to make a 60mm Mortar. Considering that real 60mm mortars can command thousands of dollars those reenactors with an interest, time, skills (or skill development), and perhaps a knowledgeable friend could build a 60mm mortar for use at reenactments or public displays.

The chapter goes into detail on how to build out the actual mortar shells along with the baseplate, tripod, and collar assembly. It includes actual blueprints and design specs. This requires access to machinery and metalworking tools required to create it.

Part One: The Mortar

Part one is the design specs for how to build the mortar shell. Kurt discusses the chemicals in the TNT but doesn’t explain how to make those chemicals. You can download How to Build a 60mm Mortar part 1 here. He also suggests one could obtain practice mortar shells if you don’t want to build the actual shell yourself.

60mm mortar shell blueprint

Part Two: Baseplate, Bipod, Tube, and Collar Assembly

Part two goes into detail with the blueprints and design specs for building the mortar tube, bipod, baseplate, and collar assembly. You can download How to Build a 60mm Mortar Part 2 here.

60mm Baseplate

Mortar Accessories

While Kurt does not explain how to build the accessories he does diagram out the M-4 sight and explain where one can possible find it. However, he doesn’t include blueprints on how to build the sight or other accessories like the canvas tube cover, the M2 Ammunition Vest, Binoculars, Compass, Asbestos Mitten, cleaning staff, and the M2 shoulder pad. These will all likely need to be purchased online or at Military shows.

60mm Mortar Sight

Using the Mortar in Reenacting

While using the mortar in reenacting is beyond the scope of this article, the 90th ID published a document called: Tableau Number 1 The 81mm Mortar Squad which while it focuses on the 81mm mortar is similar in usage as the 60mm. It is a good article to read over.

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World War II Service Food Menus and Base Brochures

Service Food Menus

Oftentimes different units would create service menus for special occasions such as Christmas, Thanksgiving or New Years. These are some examples

Travel Base Brochure

Below is base brochure handed out to personnel when they arrived at base and are expecting to stay awhile. This one is from Harmon Field in Stephenville, Newfoundland. Dated Feb, 1945

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World War II Birthday and Holiday and Postcards

Birthday Cards

Valentines Day Cards

Postcards

These could often be found at post exchanges or other on base facilities.