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The Aeolian-Vocalion was created by the Aeolian Piano Company in 1916. The Piano company produced, besides pianos, phonographs. Having a record label was the natural extension. In Aug. 1920 Aeolian introduced reddish-orange pressings. In 1921 the title label “Aeolian-Vocalion” was replaced by just the “Vocalion” title label in a black and gold color scheme. Acquired by Brunswick Records in 1925, Brunswick would keep the black and gold color scheme and add the phrase “Brunswick Record Corporation” at the bottom. American Record Company (ARC) would acquire leasing rights to Brunswick Records (including Vocalion) in late 1935 and create a glossy black design. It would stay that way until 1937 when the label turned a bright blue.
The bright blue label would last until 1940 when Vocalion was acquired by Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) and discontinued. The Vocalion catalog was then re-leased under the CBS name. Delta Blues singer Robert Johnson first recorded on the Vocalion label in 1936-1937.
The Aeolian-Vocalion recording studio was located at Aeolian Hall in New York. There were pressing plants in New York and Meridan, Connecticut.
Music Genres: Race-Records, Blues, Specialties, Swing, Country, Western swing.
Pre-1941 Label: Some are in black shellac and some are in reddish-brownish shellac.
Aeolian-Vocalion Record Label: 1916-1920. This record is pressed in black. Tiger Rag by the Original Dixieland Jass Band was first released on the label.
Record Label: 1916-1920. Label colors: Tan, Gold, Black.
Tiger Rag-
Aeolian-Vocalion Record Label: 1920. Pressed in red. The song titled “You are Free: From Apple Blossoms” is recorded by John Charles Thomas who was a baritone with a “beautiful voice”. Though, Fritz Kreisler and Viktor Jacobi initially wrote the song.
Record Label: Aug. 1920. Red Record color.
“The Profiteering Blues” was written by Irving Bibo and sung by Bill Murray. Bill Murray was an early 20th-century singer and entertainer.
Profiteering Blues
Record Label: Jan 1920
“The Profiteering Blues” on Aeolian-Vocalion by Bill Murray
Aeolian-Vocalion Record Label: In 1921, the label drops “Aeolian-Vocalion” in favor of just “Vocalion”. When it was bought by Brunswick Records in Nov. 1924, the phrase of “Brunswick Record Corporation” is added at the bottom.
Record Label: 1925-1935 Black and Gold scroll. Note “Brunswick Record Corporation” at the bottom.
Aeolian-Vocalion Record Label: In the mid-1930s, Brunswick redesigns the label to have a glossy black finish with the label name, artist, and other record information in a scroll-like shape. The song on this label, “In That Vine Covered Chapel (In the Valley)” was sung by Lee O’Daniel and his Hillbilly Boys. The group is an example of western-swing.
Record Label: 1935-1937. Glossy black.
Aeolian-Vocalion Record Label: Late 1930s, the label goes to a Blue and Tan color scheme.
Record Label: 1937-1940. Bright blue label.
“There’s a Blue Sky Way Out Yonder” by the Saddle Tramps
1941-1945s Label: None
Post WW2 Label: None
Numbers from start to 1945: 1000-70000
Notes: #1000 is the race-record series. The Hoosier Hot Shots, a string quartet band known for their unusual instruments, is also recorded on the label.
Sources:
-John Charles Thomas Biography Sheet from the University of Iowa —www.78rpmrecord.com –Aeolian-Vocalion Discography : For a complete discography see “Vocalion” at the bottom. —http://www.capsnews.org/barrbru.htm: Brunswick and Vocalion –Rust, Brian. The American Record Label Book. Arlington House Publishers, NY. 1978. –Sutton, Nauck. American Record Labels and Companies: An Encyclopedia (1891-1943). Mainspring Press, CO. 2000
A budget brand of the Pathe-Actuelle Label. The Perfect Record Label operated under the Pathe-Actuelle controlled Perfect Record Company. Early Perfect labels were black for popular music or maroon for classical. These early labels used an octagonal border. By 1923, the label design changed to two nude sun-worshippers. Red shellac pressings were introduced in late 1924 but discontinued in 1931 in favor of black shellac. Perfect created a series called Perfect Star Series for higher-end talent. After being bought by the American Record Company (ARC) in 1929 the label remained the same until a re-design in 1937 to an undistinguished blue-and-silver label without a pictorial trademark. Perfect would be discontinued by ARC in April 1938.
Music Genres: Pop, Orchestra, Classical, Band, Blues
Pre-1941 Label:
Perfect Record Label: 1922-1923. Notice the octagonal border.
Perfect Record Label. Early
Uncle Josh (Cal Stewart) was a monologuist known for telling humorous stories with a unique laugh. I’ve included a link to the audio of Uncle Josh at the Circus below. It is on a Columbia record.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GvmVTtZy6g
Perfect Record Label: 1923-1937. The record may be black, blue, green, or red shellac with nude sun-worshippers.
Notes: The Race record series was called Perfect 100s. It was started in July 1926. These were duplicates of Pathe’s race series (#7500). Rosa Henderson and Mary Staffard would feature prominently on the Perfect race-record series. Another race artist include Big Bill Broonzy (operating under the pseudonym of Sammy Sampson). Big Bill would also have a side project with Tommy Dorsey, called The Famous Hokum Boys.
Founded in France and came to the US in 1914 as the Pathe-Freres Phonograph Company. Pathe-US would introduce a short-lived budget brand called Sapphire in 1915. Another label called Actuelle would be created in Sept. 1920. The Actuelle label was at first red, black, and gold on a buff, white, or another color background. They were replaced by a similar label in 1922 of gold and black for popular music or gold and maroon for classical. In 1922 the Pathe-Freres Phonograph Company went bankrupt.
By Nov. 1922 Pathe-Freres was re-organized as the Pathe Phonograph and Radio Corporation. They would introduce two new labels: Perfect and Pathe-Actuelle. The Pathe-Actuelle (sometimes referred to as Pathe) label had a race record series that was introduced in 1924. Pathe-Actuelle and Perfect were merged with the Cameo Record Corporation in Oct. 1927. Two years later, Cameo was bought by the American Record Corporation (ARC) in 1929. ARC dropped Pathe in March 1930 and Perfect in 1938. The Perfect record label can sometimes be seen in red shellac rather than black.
Music Genres: Pop, Orchestra, Classical, Band, Blues
Pre-1941 Label:
Pathe Record Label would last from 1914-1922. In 1922, Pathe-Freres would reorganize as a different company and created a different label.
Pathe Label, 1914. Note the Chicken
The Sapphire Record Label, 1915.
Sapphire Record 1915
Actuelle Label, 1920. This would replace Sapphire as a budget brand label.
Actuelle Label redesign in 1922. This redesign would not last for long as Pathe-Freres would reorganize as a different company the same year.
Actuelle Label, 1922
Pathe-Actuelle Label, 1922. This was the new label of the former Pathe-Freres company, now reorganized as the Pathe Phonograph and Radio Corporation. After ARC buys the corporation in 1929, they would drop the label.
Pathe-Actuelle Label, 1922.
1941-1945 Label: None Post-WW2 Label: None Numbers from start to 1945: 10000-60000
Notes: The Perfect Record Label went from #100-16000
Sources: -Rust, Brian. The American Record Label Book. Arlington House Publishers, NY. 1978. -Sutton, Nauck. American Record Labels and Companies: An Encyclopedia (1891-1943). Mainspring Press, CO.2000.
Lesson Plans World History II SOL 12c: Outcomes of World War II
Standard WH II: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the worldwide impact of World War II by
Objectives: Explaining the terms of the peace, the war crimes trials, the division of Europe, plans to rebuild Germany and Japan, and the creation of international cooperative organizations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).
Lesson Plans
Introduction: A Bell-ringer activity
Notes: Students copy-down and discuss teacher generated notes
Activities: Students complete various in class activities to support learning including video analysis, maps, charts, diagrams, graphic organizers, worksheets, text-book questions, group discussion, KWL Charts etc.
Assessment: Informal, Formal, Exit-Questions, Teacher Questioning. Quizzes, Tests, Projects
Essential Knowledge:
Outcomes of World War II
Loss of empires by European powers
Establishment of two major powers in the world: The United States and the U.S.S.R.
War crimes trials
Division of Europe, Iron Curtain
Establishment of the United Nations
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Marshall Plan
Formation of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Warsaw Pact
Efforts for reconstruction of Germany
Democratic government installed in West Germany and West Berlin
Germany and Berlin divided among the four Allied powers
Emergence of West Germany as economic power in postwar Europe
Efforts for reconstruction of Japan
United States occupation of Japan under MacArthur’s administration
Democracy and economic development
Elimination of Japan’s military offensive capabilities; guarantee of Japan’s security by the United States
Emergence of Japan as dominant economy in Asia
International Cooperative Organizations
United Nations
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Warsaw Pact
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Established and adopted by members of the United Nations
Provided a code of conduct for the treatment of people under the protection of their government
Standards SOL 12a: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the worldwide impact of World War II by
Objective: Examining the Holocaust and other examples of genocide in the twentieth century.
Essential Knowledge:
• Genocide: The systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious, or cultural group
• Totalitarianism combined with nationalism
• History of anti-Semitism
• Defeat in World War I and economic depression blamed on German Jews
• Hitler’s belief in the master race
• Final solution: Extermination camps, gas chambers Other examples of genocide
• Armenians by leaders of the Ottoman Empire
• Peasants, government and military leaders, and members of the elite in the Soviet Union by Joseph Stalin
• Artists, technicians, former government officials, monks, minorities, and other educated individuals by Pol Pot in Cambodia
• Tutsi minority by Hutu in Rwanda
Lesson Plans World History II SOL 12a: Start of World War II, Events, Leaders
Standard: SOL 12a The student will demonstrate knowledge of the worldwide impact of World War II
Objective: explain economic and political causes, describing major events, and identifying leaders of the war, with emphasis on Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Douglas MacArthur, George C. Marshall, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, Adolf Hitler, Hideki Tojo, and Hirohito.
Essential Knowledge: Economic and political causes of World War II
• Aggression by the totalitarian powers of Germany, Italy, Japan
• Nationalism
• Failures of the Treaty of Versailles
• Weakness of the League of Nations
• Appeasement
• Tendencies towards isolationism and pacifism in Europe and the United States
Major events of the war (1939–1945)
• German invasion of Poland
• Fall of France
• Battle of Britain
• German invasion of the Soviet Union
• Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
• D-Day (Allied invasion of Europe)
• Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Major leaders of the war
• Franklin D. Roosevelt: U.S. president
• Harry Truman: U.S. president after death of President Roosevelt
• Dwight D. Eisenhower: Allied commander in Europe
• Douglas MacArthur: U.S. general
• George C. Marshall: U.S. general
• Winston Churchill: British prime minister
• Joseph Stalin: Soviet dictator
• Adolf Hitler: Nazi dictator of Germany
• Hideki Tojo: Japanese general
• Hirohito: Emperor of Japan
Paramount Records (1918- Aug. 1932; 1934; 1948-1970)
Paramount Records was produced by New York Recording Laboratories (NYRL) which were owned by the Wisconsin Chair Company, which was headquartered in Port Washington, Wisconsin. The last Paramount label records were sold in Aug 1932.
The Black Swan Record Label was bought by Paramount in May 1924. They then discontinue it and re-introduce it as the Paramount Black Swan Label in June 1924. A redesign of the Black Swan Label would be introduced.
The following year, in 1925, Paramount Records would acquire the Broadway Record Label from Bridgeport Die and Machine Company of Bridgeport Connecticut.
America Record Company (ARC) would buy the Paramount label in 1934 and released a few records before discontinuing the label. ARC would also drop the Broadway Label in 1934. Decca would pick the Broadway label up for a brief time in 1935 only to discontinue it within the year.
Paramount was revived in 1948 by the Wisconsin Chair Company and by 1952 was producing reissues of older recordings. By 1970, the recordings of Paramount were sold to the Jazzology Records group but the name “Paramount Records” was sold to Paramount Pictures.
During the first 7 years until Aug 1926, all Paramount label records were blue and gold. The Paramount logo was an eagle with spread wings. In 1926 the color changed to black with the phrase “Electrically Recorded” in lowercase type near the right of the spindle hole. Labels printed before 1925 state the following phrases “This Record is Made Entirely in Our Own Laboratories in New York City and Grafton Wisconsin” or “This is a Vertical Cut Record Made in our own Laboratories” around the rim of the record. After 1925 the phrase along the record-bottom rim changed to “The New York Recording Laboratories Inc.”.
Music Genres: Race Records, Country, Blues.
Pre-1941 Label: 1918-Aug 1926. Consists of blue and gold coloring.
Paramount Record Label: 1918-Aug 1926. Note the blue and gold coloring Sometime after Aug. of 1926 the label had a redesigned to black and gold.
Paramount Record Label: 1926-1932. The spindle-hole phrase “Electrically Record” came about in 1926. The phrase along the bottom, “The New York Recording Laboratories Inc.”, came about in 1925. Note the black and gold coloring.
Black Swan: Black Swan, an almost exclusively “race record” label. This label may be seen in orange and black, yellow, red, blue, black, purple, or red. Paramount would buy the Black Swan Label in May 1924, discontinue it, and then re-introduce it as the Paramount Black Swan Label (keeping the black swan logo but adding the Paramount wings) in June 1924.
Black Swan Record Label: Note black swan icon at top.
Record Label: Black Swan label as bought by Paramount in 1924.
Broadway Record Label: This record label was in production by Paramount from 1925 to 1933. ARC would drop the label. Decca would pick the Broadway label up for a brief time in 1935 only to discontinue it within the year. Note the black and gold coloring.
1941-1945 Label: None
Post World War II Label: 1948 redesign. Silver and black coloring.
Paramount Record Label: Post-WW2 production
Numbers from start to 1945: 1-20000 Notes: The 12000- series is the label’s “Race Record” series.
Oriole (the US label not the UK label which is separate) was a budget label that was sold exclusively in McCrory’s chain of stores. This store was one of the many “five and dime” style stores. Records sold for $25 cents. McCrory’s started in Pennsylvania but went out of business in 2002. Manufactured by Scranton Button Company.
In 1929 American Record Company would take over Oriole. The first Oriole records were black on orange with 1923 displayed. By mid-1924 the 1923 copyright date disappears. The orange label would be replaced in 1927 by a design in gold on black and white. ARC would keep the label colors but shrink the label size.
In 1935, the colors change to gold on maroon but retaining the original design. Oriole Records would be dropped in 1938. The label contained my anonymous and pseudonyms. Indeed, Fletcher Henderson recorded under the pseudonym Sam Hill.
Music Genres: Pop, Country, “Race” records, Blues.
Pre-1941 Label: Orange, Black, and Maroon
Early Label 1924-1927
Record Label: 1924-1927. Orange and black.
Mid Label: 1927-1935
Record Label: 1927-1935. Gold, black, white color scheme.
Late Label: 1935-1938
Record Label: 1935-1938 Gold on maroon
1941-1945 Label: None
Post-WW2 Label: None
Numbers from start to 1945: 100-8000
Notes: The 8000 series are the race records.
Alabamy Bound: Fletcher Henderson Orch as “Sam Hill & His Orchestra” (take #3, with Louis Armstrong) / Bookers Dixie Jazz Band on Oriole 347.
Sources:
-Rust, Brian. The American Record Label Book. Arlington House Publishers, NY. 1978.
-Sutton, Nauck. American Record Labels and Companies: An Encyclopedia (1891-1943). Mainspring Press, CO.2000.
