All lock picking content is for educational and informational use only.
This was taken from a PDF and put into a more SEO friendly post.
Recently I purchased the SouthOrd Tubular 8 pick and the rubber handle just spun freely
which seems to be a defect that another member also encountered. The loose handle actually
worked in my favor. I removed it completely and was able to clamp it together between 2
pieces of wood to hold it steady while drilling. I used a drill press with a 1/16th drill bit and
bought a 1/16th spring pin. The original pin and hole are just slightly smaller but replacing it
with a 1/16th works just as well with NO difference. Below are some pictures of the procedure.
To hold the pick steady all I did was drill a 11/32 hole, which is slightly smaller than the diameter of the pick, and clamp it between two pieces of wood.
This close up picture sucks but I’m hoping to use my buddy’s camera that’ll take excellent close-up shots. If you look carefully you’ll see both pins in there.
Depending what type of lock you’ll be picking, you’ll have to remove one of these pins. I’ll try and have the new close-up pics posted by Tuesday.
Please note that removing the pin is easy enough with needle-nose pliers but putting it back in
takes some time. To make it easier, I squeezed/squished the very tip of the pin so that it
could be inserted easier in the hole. Once it’s there, just push the rest of the pin in by pushing
the pick against a hard surface.
On the original 8-pin model, the spring pin is located between two of the sliding blades while
on a 7-pin model the spring pin is located directly under one of the sliding blades. I drilled the
whole about 90 degrees from the original spring pin.
The final product is an 8-pin tubular pick that will work on any 7 or 8 pin tubular lock!
To do this mod, it took me about 30 minutes and cost me less than $5.00 Cdn. The Crazy Glue was $1.69 and the 1/16th cobalt drill bit was $2.29. Not bad at all considering a new pick would run about $70.00 US.
All lock picking content is for educational and informational use only.
FINDING THE LAST NUMBER
On older Master Locks, ones where the arrow at the top is raised, simply pull on the shackle and turn the dial until it catches, that’s the third number in the combination.
On new locks with the recessed arrow, there are twelve places the dial will catch if you turn it while pulling on the shackle. Seven of these will catch between two numbers – ignore these. Find the five that catch on a number. Four of these will end in the same digit, like 1, 11, 21, and 31. The fifth ends with a different digit, and is the third number in the combination.
FINDING THE FIRST & SECOND NUMBER
Using the last number, locate it in the “last number chart” below to see which table to use to find the possible first and second numbers. Try each of the number combinations until the lock opens. Here’s an example…
If the last number is 31 then you must use Table C according to the chart. That means you must try the following combinations (see Try-Out Tables):
For those who care… (and yes, the last line in the table above was added).
Derived Formula:
input “Enter Last Number :”, LastNumber FirstNumber = LastNumber MOD 4 + abs(LastNumber MOD 4 = 0) * 4 SecondNumber = (LastNumber + 2) MOD 4 + abs((LastNumber + 2) MOD 4) * 4 for i = 0 to 36 step 4 print (FirstNumber+i)abs(FirstNumber+i<40),(SecondNumber+i)abs (SecondNumber+i<40) next
All lock picking content is for educational and informational use only.
1.0. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Impressioning is a method of fitting a key to a lock without taking the lock apart.
Basically, here is how it works: A key blank is inserted into the lock, then turned to bind the pins.
When the pins are binding, the key is wiggled or moved to produce marks on the blank. If a pin
is at the shear line it will not bind, and no marking will occur. When marks are found, the places
on the blank which have marks are then filed. The marking and filing process is repeated as
necessary to produce a working key which raises all the pins to the shear line, thus opening the
lock. Although impressioning is not hard to learn, it does take some practice to develop the skill.
Of course, the more you practice, the easier it gets!
1.2. How long does it take to impression a key? With practice and by making use of shortcuts,
it is not unusual to be able to make a key in about 10 minutes. Some locks will take longer.
Sometimes as little as 5 minutes is possible if you are both lucky and skilled. If you try to pick a
lock, you don’t know in advance if it will take one minute or thirty. With impressioning, opening a
lock is a more reliable and predictable process.
2.0. PRACTICE LOCKS
2.1. You can start out with any lock, but I will suggest starting with an average sized four-pin
Master padlock. They are easy to impression, and blanks can be easily obtained at a hardware
store. You should get more than one blank for practicing. Five is probably a reasonable number.
2.2. Below are some depth and spacing data for the Master padlock, which as you will see
later, can be useful (although not necessary). The depths are measured from the bottom of the
blade of the key, up to the bottom of the cut where a pin will rest.
The distance from the shoulder of the key to the first pin is .185″, and the spacing between
pins is .125″ (you really don’t need these last two numbers, but they may be helpful references
as you are first learning to recognize what the marks look like).
2.3. Another good approach to using a practice lock is similar to that sometimes
recommended for learning picking: Get a lock cylinder and remove all the pin stacks but one.
After you have impressioned the one pin lock, add another pin stack and try again. Continue
adding pin stacks until you can impression the whole lock.
3.0. FILES
3.1. Six inch, #4 Swiss-cut round or pippin files are normally used for impressioning (the files
are called 6″, but are actually about 8″ long including the tang). Both types of files taper down to
a smaller cross- sectional size towards the tip. The round file is usually used in conjunction with a
small flat or triangular file which is used to shape the flat sides of the cuts on a key. The pippin
file has sort of a teardrop cross section, rounded on one side, and with two flat surfaces meeting
at a knife edge on the other side. The flat surfaces are used like the flat file above to shape the sides of cuts.
Chances are that you won’t find these kind of files in your local hardware store, just because
they have finer teeth that are required for most purposes. Locksmith suppliers carry them, of
course. You can also get them through a machinist’s or jeweler’s supply house.
3.2. The particular #4 Swiss-cut pattern is used for impressioning work because it leaves a
very fine, slightly dull, and slightly corrugated surface on the blank, which permits visible marks
to be made by the pins rubbing on the blank with very little pressure. A few locksmiths use a #2
Swiss cut pattern because it cuts faster, but most authors specify the #4. Having tried both
types, I strongly recommend the #4 also.
3.3. It is also a good idea to get a handle for the file, as it permits better and more
comfortable control of the file. A file card is a special brush made to clean the teeth of a file. The
soft brass of the key blanks tends to clog up the teeth on an impressioning file a little bit, which
affects the quality of the fine surface you are trying to produce on the blank. Don’t be cheap – get
a file card too.
3.4. A few tips on using files: Files cut only on the forward stroke. So, push the file slowly and
evenly forward with gentle cutting pressure, and draw back the file without any cutting pressure.
Particularly when impressioning, do not apply pressure when drawing back the file, as it tends to
polish the surface of the blank (a dull surface is needed when impressioning). Hold the file with
an extended index finger pushing down on the top edge of the file to control cutting pressure.
Light cutting pressure will produce the finest finish for producing visible marks. Use heavier
pressure to remove material rapidly, followed by lighter strokes to finish the surface for marking.
4.0. BLANKS
4.1. Soft brass blanks are the best for impressioning. Steel blanks are much harder than is
desirable, and aluminum blanks develop fatigue cracks easily when using hard turning tension. If
you can only find bright plated brass blanks, you will have to file the plating off the top of the
blade with your impressioning file. Only file deep enough to remove the plating, because with
some locks a #0 cut requires the full un-cut height of the blade. With the plain brass blanks, you
also need to smooth the top of the blade with your impressioning file in order to leave a surface
that will show marks – just be careful not to take off too much.
note: Some lock manufacturers use #0 and others use #1 to indicate the highest depth cut.
For consistency, #0 will be used in this manual when referring to the highest depth cut (unless
otherwise noted), which is equal to or very close to the full un-cut height of the blade of the key
blank. A #1 cut refers to a cut which is one step lower than the un-cut height of the blank.
4.2. Some people like to prepare the blanks by either thinning them down in width with a flat
file, or knife edging the top of the blade. In both cases the idea is that a very thin piece of metal
can more easily be deformed than a thick one. In the case of thinning down the blade, it can also
be wiggled around more in the keyway. When thinning a blade, do not thin the area immediately
adjacent to the shoulder of the blank where the blade enters the keyway. You will be applying
hard turning tension on the blank later and it is important not to weaken it at the point where
most of the turning stress is applied.
Knife edging is used more often when the pull-out method (more about this method below in
section 5.5.) of obtaining marks is to be used. Knife edging is used to thin only the top of the
blade to make the initial marks more visible. To knife edge the blade, file both sides of the top
the blade at about a 45 degree angle. The idea is not to make it really sharp like a knife, just to
make the edge weak enough to mark more easily on the top surface.
4.3. As an example of the utility of knife edging or thinning, I took a new blank for a Master
padlock and prepared the flat top surface of the blade with my impressioning file. After some
wiggling, I could see one mark at the tip of the blade, which is enough to start with. But, I then
knife edged the blade and wiggled some more. This time I could easily see marks from all four
pins. With the knife edging, less wiggling was required and the marks were much more visible.
5.0. MAKING THE MARKS
5.1. There are three commonly used methods for making the marks. They are called wiggling,
tapping, and pulling. In each of the methods, the blank is inserted in the keyway, then turned
hard to bind the pins. Usually turning pressure is applied in the direction you want the lock to
open, but you can try both directions to see which leaves better marks. It is important to make
sure that the blank is evenly seated on the bottom of the keyway before applying turning
pressure. If you are holding it tilted, some of the pins will already be pushed up and won’t leave
any marks.
5.2. When impressioning, you will need something to hold the blank because of the repeated
hard turning tension used (the tension is harder than is used for picking, but not hard enough to
break the blank). A small pair of vice-grips (no larger than the 5″ size) works well. Attach the
vice-grips like a handle, aligned with the long the axis of the key blade (not at a right angle like a
turning wrench). There are also some commercially made handles for impressioning. There is at
least one with a trigger handle to help pull out the blank uniformly each time, when using the
pull-out method.
5.3. Wiggling is accomplished by applying turning tension, then wiggling the blank up and
down causing the top of the blank to rub against the tips of the bound lower pins.
5.4. Tapping is a variation of wiggling. The blank is inserted into the keyway, then a steel rod
is placed in the hole in the bow (handle) of the key to provide turning tension. A small mallet is
used to tap on the bow to make the impressions. Tapping on the top of the bow pushes up the
tip of the key by lever action, and tapping on the bottom of the bow pushes up the back of the
key by direct action.
5.5. The pull-out method only works after you have cut down to at least a #1 depth, hence
the popularity of knife edging the blank, then using the wiggle method to see if there are any #0
cuts to start with. To use the pull-out method, apply turning tension, then pull out on the blank
(don’t try this method on disk or wafer locks, because the disks may bend or break). Unlike the
wiggle and tapping methods, the marks produced by pulling will not be exactly where the pins
are, the distance away being related to how far you pull the blank out (maybe 1/16″). For this
reason it is helpful to scribe lines down the side of the blank after the pin locations are found by
the wiggle method, to use as a reference when filing. The advantage of the pull-out method is
that it can leave more easily visible marks than the previously mentioned methods.
5.6. There is more than one way to implement the pull-out method. One technique involves
attaching a C-clamp to the bow, then using the C- clamp to provide turning tension on the blank.
A screwdriver is placed between the side of the bottom end of the C-clamp and the face of the
lock, then the screwdriver is twisted to pry the C-clamp (and therefore the blank) in a direction
out from the face of the lock (no more than about 1/16″).
5.7. An effective hybrid approach is to first put turning pressure on the blank, then add
pulling pressure (without actually pulling the blank out enough to start making marks – the
pressure is just take up any slack between the blank and the pins and to put more tension on the
pins) using your vice-grips or a commercial impressioning handle, then bump or tap the blank up
and down to make the marks stand out more than more than they would otherwise. Remember
to file where the pins are, as with other pull-out techniques (see section 5.5. above).
5.8. There is an optimum amount of turning tension to apply to the blank for any particular
lock. It is the rubbing action of the pins against the blank that polishes the surface of the blank to
produce the little marks used for impressioning. If too little tension is used, the pins will move
too easily and not mark. If too much turning tension is used, the pins will jam and not mark – the
pins have to be able to move a little to polish the blank’s surface.
5.9 You will have better control of the impressioning action if you hold the blank and handle
with your hand up near the head of the blank and the face of the lock, rather than having your
hand farther away.
5.10. Wrist action, rather than action from the elbow is more effective in moving the blank
within the keyway to produce marks – the recommended action is more to tilt the key up and
down from the wrist with a bit of a snap, verses just lifting and lowering the blank.
6.0. SEEING THE MARKS
6.1. The mere act of preparing the flat top of a soft brass blank with an impressioning file,
inserting the blank in a lock and removing it, without any wiggling or turning, will leave marks on
the blank. There will be some streak marks where the pins have dragged across the specially
prepared surface. Try it and you will know these marks look like so you will not confuse them
later with the useful marks.
6.2. The useful marks you get are not really depressions in the surface of the blank (except
maybe when a pin is almost at the shear line – if you start seeing deep gouges, the lock is
probably about to open). A mark is normally just a subtle change in the reflectivity of the surface
of the blank. The impressioning file leaves a slightly dull finish, and marking will slightly polish it.
To see the marks turn the blank in the light. When you hold it at the right angle, the marks
appear as little tiny shiny dots. They can be hard to see in bright light, so if working outdoors,
sun glasses may be helpful. Some people like to use a magnifier to see the tiny dots – even with
a magnifier, you still have to turn the blank in the light just right to see the marks. With a little
practice, you will locate the marks very quickly.
6.3. If impressioning a dirty or weathered lock, you may find little specks of debris on the
surface of the blank after marking. If there any doubt as to what you are looking at, wipe off the
top of the blank to see if you actually have a mark rather than a tiny speck of dirt.
7.0. FILING THE MARKS
7.1. The rule for filing marks is simple. If you see a mark, you file there – if not, you don’t
(except when using the pull-out method – in which case if you see a mark, you file where the
pins are; see section 5.5., above). Whatever you do, don’t be tempted to guess – if you’re not
sure if you have a mark or not, don’t file there. Work on making and seeing the marks first.
7.2. File only 2 or 3 strokes at a time before looking for more marks, because you only have
to file a cut a few thousandths of an inch too deep, to pass by the shear line (a shortcut, allowing
more filing at one time, follows in section 8.1.).
7.3. As the cuts are filed deeper the sides of the cuts will start to become parallel with each
other, looking something like the letter U. If you leave them that way the key will get stuck in
the lock. Use a flat file, or the flat side of your pippin file to angle the sides the cuts at about a 45
degree angle from vertical, making the sides of the cuts look more like the letter V. The bottoms
of the cuts should remain rounded. It can be helpful to look at some other keys, then try to
duplicate the shape of the cuts.
7.4. Some locks have fat pins and some lock have skinnier pins. There seems to be a natural
tendency to use the middle part of the file, leaving fairly wide cuts. The cuts only need to have a
radius a little bigger than the radius of the pin tips. For locks with skinny pins, try using the file
more towards the tip, where it is narrower.
7.5. If you can see more than one mark at a time, it is ok to file them all at once or one at a
time.
7.6. Sometimes a pin will stop marking before it reaches the shear line. So, don’t be
surprised when a pin that has stopped marking starts marking again after some of the other pins
have been brought to down the shear line. Just keep filing until the pin stops marking again.
8.0. SOME USEFUL ACCESSORIES
8.1. For locks that are factory keyed, only certain standard pin depths are used. The standard
pin depths are listed in “depth and spacing” manuals and code books available from locksmith
suppliers. You can also figure out what the standard depths are (within certain tolerances) by
measuring the cut depths on other keys for the same type of lock you are working on. If you
think a lock is keyed to factory depths, there is no reason to look for new marks after only two or
three file strokes. If you get a mark at some standard depth #n, then just file down the cut to
the next standard depth, #n+1, and look for marks again.
It is helpful to have a key micrometer or dial caliper to measure the depths. A key machine
can be used to speed up the impressioning process by quickly cutting down to the next standard
depth. Punch type code machines, such as the Clipper are especially useful out in the field. If you
use a machine to make the cuts, you will need to lightly touch up the surface of the cut with your
impressioning file before looking for more marks.
9.0. SHORT PINS
9.1. Some locks use “short pins” for the #0 depth ~ #2 depth cuts. When short pins are
present, you can look into the keyway and see the dividing line between the upper and lower
pins. It is possible to “read” the short pins to determine the depth of cuts needed on the blank
without any impressioning being required.
9.2. To identify the short pins visually, use a flashlight (or an otoscope, if you have one) and
a straight pick, lift up all the pins as high as they will go, then look into the keyway. Withdraw
the pick slowly to drop the pins one at a time. If you see the dividing line on a pin stack,
depending on it’s position in the keyway you can estimate the depth of cut for that pin from your
experience with other locks of the same type, without doing any impressioning all. Again, if you
are familiar with the particular type of lock, and you don’t see any dividing lines at all, then you
will know that you can start by filing down all the cuts to perhaps the #1 depth or maybe the #2
depth, etc., because you know that none of the cuts can be any shallower than that.
9.3. Another way to find the short pins is to use a probe. The probe is a straight pick, filed to
a sharp point. Mine has a blade length of about 1-1/4″ long. The height of the blade is about
.055″ at a distance of 1/2″ from the tip. My probe has a series of dots down the side to measure
how deep it is in the lock. To use the probe, lift up all the pins as high as they will go, then pull
out the probe until the last pin drops. Slide the probe down the side of the pin and stop if you
feel a dividing point between upper and lower pins. Note at which reference dot the probe is at,
then push it all the way into the gap between the upper and lower pins. Note how much farther
the probe has moved into the keyway. By measuring how far you can push the probe into the
gap, you can measure the size of the gap, and therefore determine the cut depth for that
particular pin. Repeat the process for each pin. As an example, I have found that a #1 cut on a
Schlage “C” keyway will barely probe – the dividing line can be felt, but the probe cannot be
pushed between the upper and lower pins. In the same lock a #0 cut has a gap of about .020″ –
.025″, which means that my probe can be pushed in a little less than 1/4″. The Master padlock
can also be probed: My particular probe will enter the gap of a #1 depth pin stack about 3/16″,
and will go in farther for a #0 depth pin stack.
9.4. Probing can also be used to assist picking. If you can tell which pins are short and which
are longer before you start picking, you will have a better idea how you are going to need to
manipulate the pins.
9.5. Probing will leave little scratches on the side of the pins, but it doesn’t hurt the lock.
10.0. SPOOL PINS
10.1. Upper spool pins are no problem because the upper pins never go below the shear line
when impressioning. A few locks have lower spool pins. Using the probe you can often feel the
shoulder of the spool, which feels different than a short pin because of it’s shape. If you find a
lower spool pin, file down the cut for that pin until it stops marking. Impression all the other pins
normally. When only the spool in is left to be impressioned the plug will turn a little and catch on
the spool pin. At that point, file down the cut for the spool pin until it starts to mark again. Then
continue filing it just a little bit more to bring the dividing line between the upper and lower pins
down into alignment with the shear line.
11.0. PROBLEMS WITH BLANKS
11.1. Due to the stresses encountered during impressioning, sometimes a blank will start to
crack, usually on the blade near the shoulder where it just enters the lock. If this happens, stop –
you don’t want a broken-off key in the lock to extract. You can duplicate the cracked blank on a
machine or by hand, then continue impressioning with the new blank. If you don’t have a key
machine, or a key micrometer for duplicating the cracked key, there is an old method you can
use: Smoke the blade of the cracked key blank over a candle, covering it with soot. Clamp it next
to a new blank using a vice, C-clamp, vice-grips, etc., then file down the new blank until you just
start to hit the soot on the old key blank. As soon as you start to scrape off the soot, stop filing.
It is important not to go too deep.
11.2. If you are cracking blanks more than occasionally, you probably are using too much
turning pressure. Strive for moderation – just enough pressure to make the marks.
11.3. Turning and wiggling a blank in one direction, then turning the other way and wiggling
again tends to fatigue the blank faster than working in only one direction. So, especially watch
for cracks if you are using both directions.
11.4. If you accidentally make a cut a little too deep, there a couple of ways to try to save
the blank. It can be peened with a small hammer or pin punch on the side of the blade, just
below the bottom of the cut to raise the bottom of the cut, or a little solder can be added to the
bottom of the cut. Solder is very soft, however, and won’t last long. So a duplicate will need to
be made from your impressioned key pretty soon.
11.5. If you find that you have lowered a particular cut to the maximum depth (e.g. #9)
without finding the shear line, you obviously have filed too far. To save the good part of your
work, duplicate the blank except for the one overly-deep cut, then continue impressioning with
the duplicate blank.
12.0. MASTER KEY SYSTEMS
12.1. After you have impressioned one lock in a master key system, the other locks will
probably have only two or three pins with different depth cuts. If you impression a few different
locks you will soon have a master key at some level.
13.0 DIRTY LOCKS
13.1. A lock that has been oiled can be extremely hard to impression. A long time ago,
gasoline was used to flush out a dirty lock. Today, some no-residue electronics spray cleaner
would probably work well. After flushing out the lock, you can speed up the drying by blowing
some air into the keyway. There are canned compressed air “dusters” which are suitable for this
purpose.
14.0. DISK TUMBLER LOCKS
14.1. Disk tumbler (wafer) locks can be easily impressioned using the same techniques
described for pin tumbler locks. However, pull-out techniques should not be used because of
possible damage to the disks.
14.2. Typically, a little less turning pressure is used when impressioning disk locks as
compared to pin tumbler locks.
14.3. The impression marks made by disk locks may look different than the marks made by
pin tumbler locks. Depending on exactly how the disk is contacting the blank, you can get
anything from a small dot at the edge of the blank, to a straight line across the width of the
blank.
14.4. Sometimes it is possible to determine the key cut depths for a disk lock without doing
any impressioning at all. The technique is called “reading” the lock, and with practice it can be
done in seconds. To read a disk lock, use a straight pick to lift up all the tumblers. Slowly pull out
the pick watching each tumbler as it falls. You will see that some disks protrude further down into
the keyway than others. Typical disk locks use 5 different depths, numbered #1 through #5, with
a #1 cut being at or near to the full height of the key blade, and a #5 cut being the deepest. The
#1 tumblers protrude the least amount into the keyway and the #5 cuts protrude the most. By
comparing the amount each disk protrudes with respect to the other disks, and with respect to
landmarks in the keyway (such as the side warding), it is possible to estimate the depth # of the
cut. Usually, the difference between cut depths for disk locks ranges between .015″ – .025″, with
.020″ being very common. Here are some common depths:
cut # depth cut # depth
1 .240″ 4 .180″
2 .220″ 5 .160″
3 .200″
Specific depths for particular locks can be found in “depth and spacing” manuals, or by taking
measurements on keys for other locks of the same type.
14.5. A disk tumbler lock must be in it’s shell to be read properly, because the tumblers must
be resting in the shell slot to be read correctly.
15.0. IMPRESSIONING OTHER TYPES OF LOCKS
15.1. Using the same basic principles as are used for pin tumbler and disk tumbler locks,
many other types of locks can be impressioned also. Without going into detail about particular
specialized techniques, some other types of locks that have been impressioned include:
Warded locks Lever locks Tubular locks Chicago double bitted 11-wafer locks
Double-sided wafer locks
GM sidebar locks
Sargent Keso locks
Medeco locks
16.0. GLOSSARY
Blade The part of the key that is inserted into the lock.
Blank A key before any cuts have been made, or a key that is not fully cut and is thus not yet operational.
Bow The handle of the key.
Cuts “V” shaped notches cut out from the top of the blade for the purpose of raising the pins up to the shear line.
Depth The depth of a cut is measured from the bottom of the blade up to the bottom of a cut. Depths are numbered starting with #0 (or sometimes #1) as the highest depth.
Grooves Long narrow milled out areas along the sides of the blade to allow the blade to bypass the wards in the keyway.
Keyway The part of the plug where you insert the key.
Lower pins The pins of a lock that contact the cuts on the key. Also called bottom pins.
Pin stack The combination of a lower pin sitting beneath an upper pin. In master keyed locks, additional master pins may be located between the lower and upper pins.
Plug The part of the lock that you put the key into, and which turns to operate the lock.
Shear line The dividing line between the plug and the shell (the height to which the tops of the lower pins must be raised to open the lock).
Shell The outer part of the lock that surrounds the plug.
Shoulder The edge of the key that touches the face of the lock to define how far the key is inserted into the lock.
Spool pin A pin that has a groove cut around it’s periphery. The groove is intended to catch at the shear line as a deterrent to picking.
Tang The end of a file where a handle is to be attached.
Tip The very end of part of the key that you stick into the lock first.
Upper pins The pins in a lock that sit on top of the lower pins. Also called top pins.
Ward Protrusions that stick out of the sides of the keyway to allow entry of only the correct type of key blank.
17.0. BIBLIOGRAPHY
S. A. McLean, “The Impression System of Key Fitting”, Dire Locksmith Supply Co., 2201
Broadway, Denver, Colorado 808205, 1946
“Locksmithing and Keymaking Course Manual”, Locksmithing Institute, Little Falls, New
Jersey, 1968
“Padlock Handbook”, Locksmith Ledger, 2720 Des Plaines Ave., Des Plaines, Ill., 60018, 1970
“How To Do It For Locksmiths”, Locksmith Ledger, 1800 Oakton St., Des Plaines, Ill., 60018,
1971
“Know How for Locksmiths”, Locksmith Ledger, 1970
“The Lock Pick Design Manual”, Paladin Press, P.O. Box 1307, Boulder, Colorado 80302, circa
1975
T. C. Mickley, “Lock Servicing, Volume 4”, Locksmith Ledger, 850 Busse Highway, Park Ridge,
IL 60068, 1980
Eddie the Wire, “How to Make Your Own Professional Lock Tools, Volume 2”, Loompanics
Unlimited, P.O. Box 1197, Port Townsend, WA 98368, 1981
All lock picking content is for educational and informational use only.
Hello everyone, have you ever wanted to make your own pick cases? But have never really
been sure how, well this guide is your answer to creating your own case.
Materials
Sewing machine, Or needle
Thread
The material of your choice (I recommend corduroy, It looks good and feels good)
Sewing scissors
Velcro or buttons
Colored pencil for marking (I recommend white)
Ruler Instructions Reference: Skold, Thanks for that beautiful instructions and I referenced you so you would get the credit for the instructions, Not me (These are the instructions for the cases similar to what i make) You can also make different designs, such as the southord cases etc. It is a good idea to know how many picks you won’t to fit in the case before you design it.
Cut around the rough plan of the base of the case (the main part.)
Cut your pick pocket(s) out and sew it/them to the base. **The base is light blue, while the pocket is yellow**
3. Sew the pocket dividers to the length you wish to have it. **like so..**
4. You will need a flap that folds down so that when the case is folded the picks will not fall out of the top.
**sew along the top 1 cm of the flap “which is in blue”**
5. Now we are ready to sew the edging to neaten the case up. ( for leather this is not needed ). Grab your “seat belt material” and fold it in half over the edges and pin it there. sew along the inner edges of it.
if you cut this material use a gas torch or a stove to melt the edges so if something catches it
the material won’t come apart.
*Almost finished*
6. Sew the Velcro or affix the buttons to the material, where you put them is your choice. You are now finished.
Conclusion
This is very fun and exciting thing to do, it takes practice and you won’t make a perfect case
over night (Well not if you are used to using sewing machines. But I would rather make my
case the buy one due to be able to customize what you would like your case to look like.
Thanks to all these people
Skold (Provided the instructions) Zeke (Hosting this guide to all other people)
Mum (Taught me how to sew :-p)
This file is a complete transcription of the book, Secrets of Lock Picking by Steven Hampton, minus the chapter on warded locks (These locks are cheap. Use a hammer and a screwdriver). Before getting on to the subject, I would just like to use this opportunity to say that you can not just read this file and know how to pick locks. It does take practice. The good news is that by practicing you will learn how to open locks. And fast, too. I have heard many people say “It’s not like the movies…it takes time to pick a lock.” Well, sometimes thats true, but I have picked a Sergeant six-pin, high-security tumbler lock in three seconds. And other similar locks in the the same time frame as well. So I know that it can be done. But don’t worry. Practicing is not boring. There is a certain thrill present when you pick a lock for the very first time. Imagine the sensation of knowing that you can get into almost anywhere you want. Believe me when I tell you that it is very cool.
Contents
Introduction
Tools
Lock Identification
Pin Tumbler Locks
Wafer Tumbler Locks
Double Wafer Locks
Pin and Wafer Tumbler Padlocks
Tubular Cylinder Locks
Mushroom and Spool Pin Tumbler Locks
Magnetic Locks
Disk Tumbler Locks
Tips for Success
Secrets of LockPicking INTRODUCTION
The ancient Egyptians were the first to come up with a complicated security device. This was the pin tumbler lock. We use the same security principle today on millions of applications.
The most commonly used lock today is the pin tumbler lock. A series of pins that are divided at certain points must be raised to these dividing points in relationship to the separation between the cylinder wall and the shell of the lock by a key cut for that particular series of pin divi- sions. Thus the cylinder can be turned, and the mechanism or lock is unlocked.
Lock picking means to open a lock by use of a flat piece of steel called a pick. Actually, the process requires two pieces of flat steel to open cylinder locks. It amuses me to watch spies and thieves on TV picking locks using only one tool. But it is for the better in a sense. If everyone learned how to pick locks by watching TV, we would all be at the mercy of anyone who wanted to steal from us, and the cylinder lock for the most part would be outdated.
The actual definition of lock picking should be: “The manipulation and opening of any restrictive mechanical or electronic device by usage of tools other than the implied instrument (key or code) used solely for that device.” A little lengthy, but more accurate description. With cylinder locks, it requires a pick and a tension wrench.
By picking the lock, you simply replace the function of a key with a pick that raises the pins to their “break- ing point,” and using a tension wrench one rotates the cylinder to operate the cam at the rear of the lock’s cylinder to unlock the mechanism.
The tension wrench is used to apply tension to the cylinder of the lock to cause a slight binding action on the pins as well as to turn the cylinder after the pins have been aligned by the pick; this opens the lock. The slight binding action on the pins caused by the tension wrench allows one to hear and feel each pin as it “breaks” or reaches alignment with the separation of cylinder and shell. The vibration is felt in the knuckles and joints of the fingers, and the sound is similar to that of a cricket in an arm wrestling match-a subtle yet distinct click.
Usually you need very little tension with the wrench while picking the lock. In fact, it takes somewhat of a delicate, yet firm touch. This is the secret to picking locks successfully-a firm and yet gentle touch on the tension wrench. You should be able to feel the pins click into place with the right amount of tension; experience will be your true guide.
Half of your success will be based on your ability to use or improvise various objects to use as tools for your purpose. The other half will depend on practice. I once picked a pin tumbler lock using a borrowed roach clip and a hairpin. A dangerous fire was prevented and prob- ably several lives were saved. The world is full of useful objects for the purpose, so never hesitate to experiment.
TOOLS
I started picking locks using a small screwdriver and a safety pin. The screwdriver can be used as a tension wrench, and the safety pin is used like a “hook” pick. The last half inch of the screwdriver’s tip was bent at a 45 degree angle so as to allow easy entry for the pick (bent safety pin). Do not heat the screwdriver tip to bend it, as this will destroy its temper. Use a vise and hammer to do the job. Bend slowly by using firm and short taps of the hammer, otherwise you may break and weaken the shaft. The safety pin should be about one and a half inches long and bent in the same way.
With the small screwdriver as a tension wrench, you can use more of a turning or twisting movement than with a regular tension wrench so you will generally need less direct force when using it. As I mentioned earlier, with practice you will develop the feeling for the right amount of tension on a cylinder. If the safety pin bends after a short time, use the keyway of the lock you are picking to bend it back into shape. Even after several times of bending, it should still be useful. Keep a few spares handy, though. File the tip of the safety pin flat in relationship to the bottom of the pins in the lock. Smooth any sharp edges so that you won’t impale yourself. Also, if the tip is smooth, the pick will not get hung up on the pins while picking the lock.
Granted these are not the best tools for the job, but they do work. If you learn to use your junk box as a rich source of equipment, then with your experience real lock picks will give you magic fingers. Also, you’ll have the advantage of being able to improvise should you be without the real things (which are illegal to carry on your person in most parts of the country).
Lock picks are difficult to get. I received my first set when I became a locksmith apprentice. All of my subse- quent sets I made from stainless steel steak knives with a grinder and cut-off wheel. They are much more durable than the commercial picks. If you do make your own, make certain that the steel is quenched after every 3 seconds of grinding-do not allow the pick to get hot to the point of blue discoloration.
A diamond pick is the standard pick I use on most all pin and wafer locks. A small diamond pick is used for small pin tumbler locks such as small Master padlocks, cabinet file locks, etc. The tubular cylinder lock pick, we will discuss later. The double-ended, single-pronged ten- sion wrench is used with the diamond pick. It features double usage; a small end for small cylinders and a large end for the larger cylinders. A special tension wrench is used for double-wafer cylinder locks with an end with two prongs on one end and tubular cylinder locks with the single prong on the other end. We will discuss tubular cylinder and double-wafer locks later as well. The steel should be .030 inches to .035 inches thick for the picks and .045 inches to .050 inches thick for the first tension wrench mentioned above. The second tension wrench should be .062 inches square (.062 inches x .062 inches) on the tubular cylinder side (one pronged end), and .045 inches thick on the double-wafer end (two-pronged end). You can accomplish this by starting out with .045 inches in thickness. The two-pronged end should be bent carefully in a vise at a 30 degree angle. This allows easy entry for the pick on double-wafer locks.
Among the more common tools used by professionals around the world is the rake pick. The rake pick is used to “rake” the tumblers into place by sliding it in and out across the tumblers. I seldom use the rake pick because it is not highly effective and I consider it a sloppy excuse for a lock pick. I’ve seen the rake pick work on some dif- ficult locks, but you can rake with a diamond pick and get the same results. I prefer the diamond pick for most tumbler locks simply because it is easier to get in and out of locks-it slides across the tumblers with little or no trouble.
A ball pick is used for picking double-wafer cylinder locks, though I never carry one; I use a large diamond pick and reverse it when picking these locks. This means I have one less pick to carry and lose.
A double-ball pick is used like a rake on double-wafer locks in conjunction with a tension wrench (two-pronged end).
A hook pick is used to open lever tumbler locks, though again, I use a diamond pick with a hooking action when possible. There are various sizes of hooks but they all have the same basic job-to catch the movable levers that unlock lever locks.
There are also various sizes of tension wrenches. They are usually made from spring steel. The standard tension wrench is used for pin and wafer locks. A special tension wrench is called a Feather Touch, and it is used for high- security mushroom and spool pin tumbler locks. Its delicate spring-loaded action allows the pick to bypass the tendencies of these pins to stick. A homemade version of the Feather Touch can be made from a medium-light duty steel spring.
As to getting lock picks for your own use, you cannot go down to your local hardware store and buy them. I could supply you with some sources or wholesalers, but I do believe it is illegal for them to sell to individuals. Your best bet would be to find a machine shop that will fabricate them for you. It would be less expensive and arouse less suspicion if you purchase a small grinder with a cut-off wheel and make your own. With a little prac- tice, you can make a whole set in an afternoon. Use a copy of the illustrations in this book as templates and carefully cut them out with an X-ACTO knife. Cut down the middle of the lines. Acquire some stainless steel (many steak knives approach proper thickness).
With a glue stick, lightly coat one side of the paper template and apply it to the cleaned stainless surface, and allow it to dry. You’ll need a can of black wrinkle finish spray paint. This kind of paint has a high carbon con- tent and can stand high temperature of grinding. Spray the stainless (or knives) with the patterns glued on and dry in a warm oven or direct sunlight for one hour. Set aside for twenty-four more hours. Peel off the paper template and you are ready to cut and grind. Please use caution when cutting and grinding. The piece should be quenched every three seconds in cold water. Smooth up sharp edges with a small file or burnishing wheel.
Tools made from stainless steel will outlast the pur- chased ones. The tools purchased from most suppliers are made from spring steel and wear out after about 100 uses. The stainless steel ones, if properly made, should last over 2,000 uses.
LOCK IDENTIFICATION
There are many types of locks, the most common being:
The pin tumbler lock. Used for house and garage doors, padlocks, mail boxes, and Ford automobiles.
The wafer tumbler lock. Used for garage and trailer doors, desks, padlocks, cabinets, most autos, window locks, and older vending machines.
The double-wafer lock. Used for higher security wafer tumbler applications.
The warded locks. Used for light security padlocks and old-fashioned door locks.
Lever locks Used for light security and older padlocks, sophisticated safe-deposit boxes, some desks, jewelry boxes, and small cash boxes.
Tubular cylinder locks. Used for alarm control systems, newer vending machines, car-wash control boxes and wherever higher security problems might exist.
These locks are the more common locks used yet there are variations and combinations of these principal types that usually pick open in the manner that will be discussed. Some of them just require practice of the basic types, others luck, and most of the rest of them knowledge of how that particular lock works and is keyed. This comes from experience.
PIN TUMBLER LOCKS
Pin tumbler locks offer the most security for their price. They have close machine tolerances and approximately 1,000,000 different key combinations for a five-pin lock. Considering the thousands of different companies mak- ing pin tumblers (different shaped keyways for each com- pany or design line), the chances of someone having a key that will work in your front door lock are one in many billions.
Pin tumbler locks can easily be identified by peering down the keyway and locating the first round pin.
Sometimes you can see the pin’s dividing point, where it breaks with the cylinder wall (shear point).
To successfully pick a pin tumbler lock, your sense of touch sould be honed so that both hands feel the tools. Once the hand holding the pick has located a slight relief in tension while picking a particular tumbler, the other hand holding the tension wrench will feel a relief or break- ing point. Both hands should be involved with the sense of touch, the sensing of the inner workings of the lock.
We are now ready to begin the first lesson. First open your front door and check for a pin tumbler lock on it. It should have one on it. If there is one, leave the door open to decrease suspicion. Do not lock yourself out of your apartment or house by being overconfident; not only will you raise suspicion, but window glass is not cheap.
HOW TO PICK A TUMBLER LOCK
STEP ONE
Without using the tension wrench, slip the pick into the lock. The “hook” of the pick should be toward the tumblers (up in most cases, depending on whether or not the lock was mounted upside down-you can tell by look- ing down the keyway and locating the first pin with your pick). Try to feel the last tumbler of the lock. It should be 7/8 inches into the lock for a five-pin tumbler lock (most common pin tumbler lock used).
Make certain that you have no tension on the wrench when inserting the pick as this will encumber the frontal tumblers. When you feel the back tumbler, slowly raise it with a slight prying motion of the pick. Release it, but keep the pick in the lock on the rear tumbler.
Now insert the tension wrench, allowing room for the pick to manipulate all of the pins. It should be placed at the bottom of the cylinder if the lock was mounted upright, tumblers toward the top of the cylinder. Apply firm and yet gentle clockwise pressure to the tension wrench.
Slowly raise the back tumbler with a slight prying mo- tion of the pick. A minute click will be felt and heard when it breaks. It will lose its springiness when this occurs, so do not go any further with it. Any further movement with the pick will cause binding by going past the pins’ shear line. Continue an even pressure with the tension wrench.
Keeping an even tension pressure, proceed to Step Two.
STEP TWO
The fourth tumbler should be easily felt since it is the next one in line. Raise it until it breaks, keeping the ten- sion wrench steady. It too will give a sound and sensa- tion when it breaks or aligns.
STEP THREE
The third or middle tumbler is next. Again, it too will click. Maintain a constant, even pressure on the wrench- about the same pressure that you would use to replace a cap on a catsup bottle. You may feel the “clicks” in your tension wrench as well as hear them.
STEPS FOUR AND FIVE
Continue on to the next tumbler out, working toward you. When it breaks, raise the last (front) tumbler to its braking point and the cylinder should be free to rotate and unlock the door. Sometimes you may have to play with the wrench to open the lock because you may have raised a tumbler too high, past its breaking point. If this is the case, very slowly and gradually release the tension wrench pressure and the overly extended tumbler will drop into its breaking point before the other tumblers have a chance to fall. The cylinder should pop open at that point. I have found that this technique is responsible for over 30 percent of my successes in opening all tumbler locks.
If the lock still refuses to open after all that treatment, release the tension wrench pressure, allowing all of the tumblers to drop and start over. You may have more than one tumbler too high and would be better off to repeat the picking process.
WAFER TUMBLER LOCKS
Wafer tumbler locks make up over one-fourth of the locks in use in the world. Since they are generally easier to pick than most pin tumbler locks, you will be 75 per- cent master after fooling around with these mechanisms. That is why I wrote about pin tumbler locks first-they are more difficult and make up over one-half of the locks used today.
The term wafer refers to the general shape of the tumblers. The wafers are flat, spring-loaded tumblers that are much thinner than pins and the distance between them is less. Wafer locks are picked in the same way as pin tumbler locks, but you must compensate for the smaller dimensions. You can identify wafer locks simply by look- ing down the keyway and locating the first flat tumbler. The last tumbler on most wafer locks is located about one- half inch into the lock.
Wafer locks are used on filing cabinets, lockers, most cars, garage doors, desks, and wherever medium security is required. The only wafer tumbler lock in common use that is difficult to pick is the side-bar wafer lock. It is the most popular type of auto lock. This lock is of different design than most other locks and offers much more secur- ity than a regular wafer tumbler lock, or even a pin tumbler lock.
The side bar lock is used mostly on General Motors cars and trucks since 1935. It is used on ignitions, door, and trunk locks. Side bar locks are hard to pick because you cannot feel or hear the tumblers align with the cylinders breaking point. A spring-loaded bar falls into place to allow the cylinder to turn when all of the tumblers are aligned. There is no way to tell when that happens. One learns to sense the bar while picking so that it seems to fall into place by itself. But for beginners, I recommend this technique for emergency openings: Peer down the keyway and locate the side groove of any of the tumblers using a pick as a searching tool. Drill a small hole in the shell of the lock above the bar which is above the grooves on the tumblers. Since side bar locks have off-centered keyways, the usual place to drill is opposite of the keyway. Using an L-shaped steel wire, put pressure on the sidebar and rake the tumblers using a tension wrench for cylinder rotation and the lock will open.
Fortunately, most GMC autos have inferior window seals; with a coat hanger, one can lasso the locking door knob to open the door. If you are going to be successful at opening side bars, you will do it within two minutes; otherwise, you are causing unnecessary wear on your picks not to mention wasting your time.
Ford auto locks are relatively simple to pick. They have pin tumblers and you have to remember that the door locks turn counterclockwise. Most other auto locks turn clockwise. If you are not sure, remember this: If the tumblers will not catch at their breaking points, you are going in the wrong direction with the tension wrench.
Wafer locks are a cinch to pick if you have learned how to pick pin tumblers. Just remember that wafers are thin- ner than pins and there is less distance between them.
Generally you need less tension-wrench pressure with these locks, yet car locks can be quite stubborn and require a great deal of tension. Any heavily spring-loaded cylinder needs a substantial amount of tension.
As a rule, though, wafer locks need less play with the tension wrench than with pin tumbler locks. But if you find yourself having difficulty in opening these, you may try a little tension-wrench play. Usually they won’t pop open like pin tumbler locks, they just slide open; you don’t get the warning that a pin tumbler gives before it opens because there is less contact area on the wafer’s edge than on a pin, so the sense of climax is reduced with these types of locks. Still, they open quite easily.
DOUBLE WAFER LOCKS
Double-wafer locks are picked in the same way as single- wafer locks, but there are two sides to the story. Not only do you have to align the top wafers, but you have ones in the bottom of the cylinder to align as well.
The Chicago Lock Company was the first to come up with this type of lock. It is a classic example of the race toward better security. Certain tension wrenches allow uninterrupted picking using ball picks. You can also use a standard tension wrench or small screwdriver and place it at the center of the keyway. To eliminate unnecessary baggage, use a diamond pick, reversing it to encounter both top and bottom wafers.
The last tumbler in this type of lock is located less than one-half of an inch in. The picking procedure may have to be repeated more than one time-top wafers, then bot- tom wafers, top, bottom-back and forth. Yet these locks are easier to pick than most pin tumblers.
Locate the last wafer on the top side and move it to its breaking point. Do the same with the other top wafers. Keep the tension wrench firm, remove the pick, turn it upside down (if you are using a diamond or homemade pick), and reinsert it to work the bottom wafers. You may have to repeat this process a few times, but double-wafer locks can and will open with such treatment. Schlage has a doorknob lock that opens this way, but the last tumbler is about one and one-half inches in.
Double-wafer locks are easy to master if you have learned to pick pin and wafer tumbler locks. Since double- wafer locks are more compact, you have to compensate for the fact-slightly closer tolerances. These type of locks are used on old pop and candy machines, gas caps, cabinets, etc.
PIN AND WAFER TUMBLER PADLOCKS
Cylinder padlocks require a technique of holding them with the same hand with which you are using the tension wrench. This technique allows one to pick the padlock without going into contortions over a dangling padlock. Assuming that you are right-handed, hold the padlock in your left hand by gripping the body of the padlock with your thumb and forefinger. Insert the tension wrench at the bottom of the keyway and hold it in a clockwise turn with your ring and little finger, causing a slight binding pressure on the cylinder. Now your right hand is free to pick, and your left hand does the job of holding both the lock and tension wrench. The overhand method works well, too, but the thumb controls the tension wrench instead. Switch around to find which is most comfortable for you.
When tumbler padlocks pop open, it is quite a sensa- tion because the shackle is spring-loaded and gives one quite a jolt. It’s a feeling of accomplishment. You may need a little more tension on padlocks than on door locks because the cylinder cam has to operate a spring-loaded bolt. Overall, padlocks are the most fun to open. Prac- tice using old or discarded padlocks that you have found. I’ve worn out hundreds of them.
TUBULAR CYLINDER LOCKS
(Note: Diagrams of tubular lock were omitted due to the fact that picking them with conventional methods is a complete waste of time. There are picks available that are specifically designed to pick this kind of lock in a matter of seconds)
We will gradually proceed to more sophisticated locks from here. I would like to remind you that success is not based on personality. If one is arrogant about one’s lock- picking skills, one could easily be made a fool of by a lock. And no matter how many times you bash a cylinder, you will still be locked out. The only thing you accomplish is attracting an audience-so be cool.
If at this point you have had much difficulty under- standing the principles of pin and wafer locks, please restudy this book from the beginning. Read it several times so as to absorb it. The information that you now have has taken me almost two decades to gather, so please be mindful of that.
Now you are about to learn how to open the more dif- ficult locking mechanisms-some of the other 25 percent of the locks used today. You should feel confident with pin, wafer and double-wafer tumbler locks before you attempt rim cylinder locks.
Tubular cylinder locks stand out as the most generally accepted lock in all important industries using high-quality locks for protection of property, merchandise, and cash. They are recognized as giving the maximum amount of security for their price range.
Tubular cylinder locks are pin tumbler locks arranged on a circular plane. Unlike conventional pin tumbler locks, all of the pins are exposed to the eye. The central section of the lock rotates to operate the cam when all of the seven pins have reached their breaking points. When the pro- per key is entered into the lock, the tumblers are pressed into position so that the central section (plug) can be turned. This manual operation of inserting the key places the tumblers in position so that the lock can be operated and ensures that frost, dust, salt, or unfavorable climatic conditions will not affect the smooth operation of the lock.
The Chicago Ace lock is a product of the Chicago Lock Company of Chicago, Illinois. It is an effective security device and is used on vending machines, coin boxes, and burglar alarms. A larger, more complex version of it is used on bank doors and electronic teller machines. The key is of tubular shape with the cuts arranged in a circle around the key.
The pick used for this lock is the tubular cylinder pick, or you may use a straight pin or your homemade safety pin pick. The one-pronged end of the tension wrench is a little more specialized and is used for rim cylinder locks. It must be .062 inches square for best results. Any square steel stock is acceptable, as long as it fits snugly into the groove of the tubular cylinder plug.
This type of lock is a burglar’s nightmare because it takes so long to pick. You have to pick it three or four times to accomplish the unlocking radius of 120 to 180 degrees. And the cylinder locks after each time you pick it-every one-seventh of a turn.
If you leave the lock only partly picked, the key will not be able to open it, so you must pick it back into the locked position after opening it-another three or four picking sessions. In all, to unlock and lock the cylinder, you have to pick it up to eight times-quite a chore if you don’t have the right tools or time.
These locks almost always pick in the clockwise direc- tion. Make certain that the tension wrench fits snugly into the groove on the cylinder. Very slowly push the first pin down until it clicks, maintaining a definite clockwise pressure on the tension wrench. Once the tumbler has broken, do not push any further and proceed to the next one, and so on. As you reach the last tumbler, the ten- sion wrench will feel more slack and give way if the lock were properly picked.
There are special keyhole saws for these locks in which you drill out the tumblers and turn the cylinder. Also there is a special tool used by locksmiths to open rim cylinder locks.
MUSHROOM AND SPOOL PIN TUMBLER LOCKS
High-security pin tumbler locks may contain specially made pins to make picking them more challenging. The pins are machined so as to make picking them quite dif- ficult. When picking these locks, the pins give the impres- sion that they have broken, when in fact they could be a long way from breaking. You can tell whether or not you are picking a pin tumbler lock that has these pins by the fact that the pins seem to align so easily with a louder than normal click. The cylinder seems eager to open but to no avail.
The picking procedure relies on a well-yielding tension wrench. The tension wrench has to be lightly spring-loaded so that the pins can bypass their false breaking points. You also have to “rake” (seesaw in and out) the pins with your pick. The feather-touch tension wrench is ideal for the job. Use light pressure with it, and it will let you in.
(Note: A feather-touch tension wrench is not necessarily required. A normal tension wrench will work fine with an extremely light tension on it. The weight of just your index finger alone should be enough in most cases.)
The mushroom and spool pins are used in locks for high-security purposes such as bank doors. The American Lock Company uses them in some of their padlocks.
MAGNETIC LOCKS
Magnetic locks are fascinating. I almost hate to open them because I feel that I have breached their uniqueness. In reality, you do not pick them, but “confuse” them. They generally work on the principle that like magnetic polarities repel each other. The key is a set of small magnets arranged in a certain order to repel other magnets in the lock, thereby allowing the spring-loaded bolt or cam to open the lock.
By using a pulsating electromagnetic field, you can cause the magnets in the lock to vibrate violently at thirty vibrations per second, thereby allowing it to be opened by intermittent tugging of the bolt or turning of the door knob.
This method may also ruin the small magnets in the lock by changing their magnetic status or properties. So, if you have to perform an emergency break-in with these locks, do not relock the door. The card or key will not operate the lock.
The magnetic pick can be used on padlocks by strok- ing it across the place where the key is placed. It is also designed to fit into the doorknob and is used by stroking one pole in and out or by using the other pole the same way.
If you have had little or no training and experience building something like this, please have a friend who is familiar with basic electronics do it for you. Do not take the chance of electrocuting yourself. Make sure that the coil is also completely covered with electrician’s tape after you have wound the 34 gauge wire. Also make sure that the steel core has at least three layers of tape over it. Do not leave the unit plugged in for more than two to three minutes at any one time as this may cause overheating which could cause it to burn out or start a fire. It is safe to use if constructed properly and not left plugged in unattended. Opening magnetic locks requires only 30 to 60 seconds anyway, so don’t leave the unit plugged in for longer.
For magnetic padlocks, use a back-and-forth stroking action along the length of the keyway. For magnetic door locks, use a stroking in-and-out action in the slot of the knob alternating from one side (pole) of the pick to the other.
The “key” for a magnetic door lock is a metal or plastic card containing an array of magnetic domains or regions coded in a specific order to allow entry. The magnetic pick bypasses that.
DISK TUMBLER LOCKS
Combination or “puzzle” locks were invented to fur- ther improve security and the protection of valuables. The older safes and lockboxes were good security devices when they came into the market, but some people became curious and realized that these safe locks had inherent weaknesses. One of the main problems was that the disk tumblers were not mechanically isolated from the bolt that unlocks the safe door. In other words, you could feel and hear the tumblers while turning the dial by applying pressure on the handle of the bolt.
When that problem was recognized and solved, thieves started drilling through strategic places in the lock itself to open it. Knocking off hinges was an all-time favorite tactic as well. Then came punching out the dial shaft, blowtorching, and just plain blowing the door with ex- plosives. Greed can breed great creativity.
The first problem, that of manipulating the tumblers open, was rectified by making use of the dial to operate the bolt upon completion of the dialing of the correct com- bination. This made it nearly impossible to feel or hear the tumblers. Drilling was deterred by laminating the safe door with hard steel and beryllium-copper plates. The beryllium-copper plates pull heat away from the drill tip quickly, and the bit just spins without effect; drilling can- not take place without the generation of heat at the bit’s cutting edges. Knocking off hinges was discouraged by using three or more bolts operated by a main linkage net- work. Punching out the dial shaft to let the tumblers fall out of the way of the bolt was corrected by beveling the shaft into the wall of the safe door.
Presently, safe locks are quite sophisticated. Picking them would require supernatural power. The older safes, however, are much easier and even fun to pick. Picking combination padlocks is a good way to start learning how to open safes, and we will get to them shortly. But first, let us discuss some basic prmciples of disk tumbler locks.
Disk tumbler locks work by the use of flat, round disks of metal or plastic with a notch and a peg on each disk. The notch is called the tumbler gate. The gate of each tumbler has to be lined up with the pawl of the bolt mechanism by usage of the linking capabilities of the pegs.
The first tumbler of the disk tumbler lock (also the last combination number dialed) is mechanically connected to the dial through the safe door. When the dial is turned, the first tumbler picks up the middle tumbler when their pegs connect. The middle tumbler in turn picks up the last tumbler for one more complete turn and the tumblers have been “cleared”-you are ready to dial the first com- bination number by aligning the last tumbler’s gate to the pawl. After you have reached this number or position, rotate the dial in the opposite direction one complete turn (for three tumbler locks; two turns for four tumbler locks) to engage the middle tumbler and drive it to the second combination mlmber. By rotating the dial back into the opposite direction to the last combination number, the bolt can be operated to open the lock, or as in the case of newer safes, the dial will operate the bolt by turning it once again in the opposite direction.
One of the innovations that developed to deter sensual manipulation of combination locks was the use of ser- rated front tumblers (last combination number dialed). These were designed to foil listening and feeling of the tumblers’ gates by burglars.
When the bolt encountered any one of these shallow gates, the safecracker could never be sure whether or not a tumbler was actually aligned with the pawl-bolt mechanism. Some burglars solved this problem by attach- ing high-speed drills to the dial knob to rotate and wear down the first tumbler’s shallow false gates against the bolt, thereby eliminating them altogether, or at least minimizing their effects. Still, today the serrated tumbler is used as an effective deterrent to manipulation in com- bination padlocks where space is a factor.
Let us move on to combination padlocks. The most common and difficult to open of these small disk tumbler locks are the Master combination padlocks, and they are quite popular. I have had good luck in opening these locks with a wooden mallet or soft-faced hammer. The manip- ulation of Master combination padlocks is quite easy-I have done it thousands of times, and you can learn it, too. The newer the lock is, though, the more difficult it will be to open at first. If the lock has had a lot of use, such as that on a locker-room door where the shackle gets pulled down and encounters the tumblers while the com- bination is being dialed, the serrated front tumblers will become smoothed down, allowing easier sensing of the tumblers. So, until you have become good at opening these locks, practice extensively on an old one. Let’s try to open one:
OPENING A COMBINATION PADLOCK
STEP ONE
First, clear the tumblers by engaging all of them. This is done by turning the dial clockwise (sometimes these locks open more easily starting in the opposite direction) three to four times. Now bring your ear close to the lock and gently press the bottom back edge to the bony area just forward of your ear canal opening so that vibrations can be heard and felt. Slowly turn the dial in the opposite direction. As you turn, you will hear a very light click as each tumbler is picked up by the previous tumbler. This is the sound of the pickup pegs on each disk as they engage each other. Clear the tumblers again in a clockwise man- ner and proceed to step two.
STEP TWO
After you have cleared the tumblers, apply an upward pressure on the shackle of the padlock. Keeping your ear on the lock, try to hear the tumblers as they rub across the pawl; keep the dial rotating in a clockwise direction.
You will hear two types of clicks, each with a subtle difference in pitch. The shallow, higher pitched clicks are the sound of the false gates on the first disk tumbler. Do not let them fool you-the real gates sound hollow and empty, almost nonexistent.
When you feel a greater than normal relief in the shackle once every full turn, this is the gate of the first tumbler (last number dialed). This tumbler is connected directly to the dial as mentioned earlier. Ignore that sound for now. When you have aligned the other two tumblers, the last tumbler’s sound will be drowned out by the sound of the shackle popping open.
STEP THREE
While continuing in a clockwise direction with the dial, listen carefully for the slight hollow sound of either one of the first two tumblers. Note on the dial face where these sounds are by either memorizing them or writing them down. Make certain that you do not take note of the driv- ing tumbler (last number dialed). If you hear and feel only one hollow click (sounds like “dumpf”), chances are that the first number could be the same as the last one.
You should have two numbers now. Let us say one of them is 12 and the other is 26. Clear the tumblers again just to be safe and stop at the number 12. Go counterclockwise one complete turn from 12. Continue until there is another “dumpf” sound. After the complete turn pass 12, if you feel and hear a louder than normal sound of a tumbler rubbing on the pawl, the first tumbler is properly aligned and the second tumbler is taking the brunt of the force from the shackle-you are on the right track. When the second tumbler has aligned in this case, you will feel a definite resistance with the last turn of the dial going clockwise. The final turn will automatically open the shackle of the lock. If none of these symptoms are evident, try starting with the number of the combina- tion, 26, in the same way.
STEP FOUR
If the lock still does not open, don’t give up. Try search- ing for a different first number. Give it a good thirty- or forty-minute try. If you play with it long enough, it will eventually open. The more practice you have under your belt, the quicker you will be able to open these padlocks in the future.
Using a stethoscope to increase audibility of the clicks is not out of the question when working on disk tumbler locks, though I never use them for padlocks. A miniature wide-audio-range electronic stethoscope with a magnetic base for coupling a piezoelectric-type microphone is ideal for getting to know the tumblers better.
Filing your fingertips to increase sensitivity might not be such a good idea for beginners since their fingertips will not be accustomed to operating dials for a long period of time. With practice, you may develop calluses and need to file your fingertips. But I don’t recommend it at first.
After some time you may find that in some cases you can whiz right through the combination of an unknown lock without looking at it and pop it open in seconds. It becomes second nature. I’ve done this on many occa- sions-something beyond my conscious control seems to line up the tumblers without my thinking about it.
Another type of disk tumbler padlock is the Sesame lock made by the Corbin Lock Co. Its unique design makes it more difficult to open than Master padlocks, but it can be opened. Let’s take one of the three or four wheel mechanisms, look at a cross section, and see how it works. The wheel has numbers from zero to nine. Attached to the wheel is a small cam. Both the wheel and cam turn on the shaft. Each wheel in this lock operates indepen- dently with its own cam and shaft. The locking dog is locked to the shackle. In this position the shackle cannot be opened. The locking dog operates with all three or four wheels. The locking dog is riding on the round edge of the cam. The spring is pushing up on the cam. The lock- ing dog cannot move up because it is resting on the round part of the cam. When the wheel is turned to the proper combination number, the locking dog rests on the flat of the cam. The spring can then raise the locking dog to release the shackle, and this opens the lock.
TIPS FOR SUCCESS
You will undoubtedly encounter a pin tumbler lock in which there will be a pin or two that is keyed too low (the shear line of the pin is too high). In this case the lock is difficult to open because the breaking point of a long bottom pin doesn’t allow room in the keyway for the pick to manipulate the other pins. Your success in opening “tight” locks will depend on the skill you have developed with your tension wrench. Sometimes it helps to play with the tension wrench. Try bouncing it left and right slightly while picking, allowing some of the tumblers to drop occa- sionally. You may also try picking the front tumblers first or picking at random on these locks. You can tell if you have a lock that is keyed like this because your pick may get jammed during the picking process.
After you have opened a cylinder and unlocked a lock, be sure to return it to the locked position. You will hear the tumblers click into place when this happens. Other- wise it may be difficult to unlock it with its key because the bottom pins cannot “float” like they normally would.
To tell whether or not the cylinder should go clockwise or counterclockwise when picking a tumbler lock, there is an easy rule to follow. If the tumblers (pin or wafer) will not break, or stay broken, you are going in the wrong direction with the tension wrench. There will be little or no progress with the cylinder, and few, if any, “clicks.”
Some keyways are cut at an angle (Yale, Dexter, and Schlage, for example) so you want to be sure that you tilt your pick to follow that angle while picking or your pick will get hung up. A slight twist of the wrist will compen- sate for this problem.
Should your fingers become tired while picking a lock, lay down your tools and shake your hands and fingers to relieve any tension. After some time the muscles in your hands will become accustomed to such activity. Practice and persistence will tone your hands and senses to the point where you will be able to pop open a cylinder in three to five seconds (that’s seconds) in total darkness. The combination of touch and sound lets you know almost a split second before you open the lock that you have succeeded.
If the lock is a well-machined one, the cylinder will feel tight and you will need a little firmer hand on the ten- sion wrench. While picking, if any one of the pins at any time feels firm or difficult to move, chances are it’s aligned. If it feels springy, it is not.
Use the shaft of the pick if you have to when working the frontal pin of a pin tumbler lock. This may save you the trouble of aligning the tip of the pick on the front pin where there is little or no support for the pick. All of the other pins allow the pick to be supported by the inside wall of the keyway.
Master keyed pin tumbler locks are generally easier to pick open because they have more than one shear line or breaking point in the pins. Master keying allows a group of locks to be controlled by a master key holder while the individual locks in that group are controlled by individual keys. Hotels and apartment complexes are usually master keyed.
There is a simple technique to open pin and wafer tumbler locks. Simply drill through the shear lines of the tumblers. This point is located just above the center of the keyway on the face of the cylinder. By doing this, though, you obviously ruin the lock and make a lot of racket. If the lock is a Medeco or some other high-security – lock, you risk damage of one hundred dollars or more, so be sure you know the value of the situation before you decide to rape the lock. Use a center punch to start a reliable hole on the cylinder face and use a one-quarter inch drill bit with a variable speed drill. With a large screwdriver, turn it to unlock. The cylinder will be dif- ficult to turn because you may be shearing the tumbler springs that have fallen down past the cylinder’s shear line.
Dead bolt locks are those mounted on a door above the knob. All dead bolt locks unlock counterclockwise with left-hand doors and clockwise with righthand doors. If you have trouble remembering this, just remember that the bolt of the lock has to go in the opposite direction of the doorjam.
Dead bolt locks are just as easy to pick open as knob locks are. They both have cylinders that can be picked open. The main difference is that dead bolts cannot be opened by sliding a plastic or metal card through to the bolt so as to work it back. In other words, they are not spring loaded. That’s why they are called dead bolts. Most knob locks now have guards in front of the bolts to deter opening with cards.
Kwik-sets, Weisers, and some of the less-expensive knob locks may open in either direction. Schlage and Corbin, along with more sophisticated locks, can open only in one direction. Auto locks will open either way. Another method of picking pin tumbler locks is with a pick gun. As the pick snaps up, it hits the bottom pin. This bounces the top pin out of the cylinder and into the shell. As you apply light turning pressure with the tension wrench, the top pins are caught in the shell, the cylinder will turn. I’ve never used a pick gun, but they do work well for lock- smiths who use them. They are cumbersome and expen- sive, and show some lack of professionalism.
(Note: If you don’t care about professionalism and want to open 95% of all pin tumbler locks out there – and fast- buy this device. It is very awesome. I even recommend it over a Cobra Electronic lockpick. Trust me, I have both, and I feel the $60 Lockaid pick gun blows away the $350 Cobra)
SOME PRECAUTIONS
If you bought this book to learn how to pick locks in order to become a more efficient burglar, then there is not a whole lot I can say or do to stop you. But I must say this: the locks used in prisons are nearly impossible to pick even if you get or make the right tools. They are usually electrically controlled from an external station.
Do not carry lock picks on your person. If you get caught with them, you could get nailed for most any pro- fessional job in town for the last seven years. If you must carry them, as in the case of rescue workers, etc., please consult your local authorities about details and ask about registering with them. As a former locksmith, I do not have that problem.
I advise that you do not teach your friends how to pick locks. The choice is yours, of course. You paid the price of this book and the knowledge is yours-be selfish with it. It is for your own protection as well. The fewer people who know you have this skill, the better. Getting blamed for something you didn’t do is unfair and a hassle.
When you become proficient at picking locks, you may decide to get a job as a locksmith. But believe me, there is more to being a locksmith than being able to pick locks. You have to be a good carpenter as well as a fair mechanic. But you may want to approach the owner of a lock shop and ask if you could get on as an apprentice.
NOBODY’S PERFECT
There isn’t a locking device on earth that cannot be opened with means other than its key or code. It’s just that some are easier to open than others. Anything with a keyhole, dial, or access port is subject to being opened with alternate means, though some of the newer electronic and computer-controlled security devices would be a nightmare even if you had extensive knowledge of elec- tronics and electromagnetics. Some devices also use palm prints as a readout to allow entry.
On the mechanical side, there are locks that have nor- mal pin tumblers, but they are situated in various places 360 degrees around the cylinder. Some locks use pin tumblers that not only have to be aligned vertically within the cylinder, but also have to “twist” or turn a certain number of degrees to allow the cylinder to open. This is because the pins’ shear line is cut at an angle. These locks are made by Medeco.
I have witnessed only one Medeco lock being picked- by a fellow locksmith. We both spent hours trying to pick it again, but it was futile. We estimated the chances of opening it again to be one out of 10,000. They are excellent security devices, but their price keeps them limited to areas prone to security problems such as isolated vending machines and for government use. The only one I have been successful at opening (after an hour of picking) was one I drilled. By the way, they are easy to drill because the brass that’s used is soft.
LEARNING TO TOUCH AND FEEL
Most of us know how to touch. We touch objects every day, and yet we do not truly feel them. It seems so commonplace that we forget that we are actually feeling while we touch.
Here is an exercise that will develop a delicate touch. Gently rub and massage your hands and fingers- preferably with hand lotion. Do this for five minutes. Once the lotion has evaporated, shake your hands and fingers so that they flop loosely. Gently pull each finger to relax each joint.
Now with a piece of fine sandpaper, gently draw the tips of your fingers across it. Try to feel the texture of the grains on its surface. Relax your fingers, hands, fore- arms, shoulders, and chest. Take your time. Do this for several minutes.
After a few weeks of practice, you will be able to feel each individual grain of sand on the sandpaper. This allows you to feel the slightest sensation vibrate through your bones.
Try to remember to practice touching and feeling dur- ing your everyday experiences. Practice feeling wood, metal, and various other objects. Play with the feel of mechanical vibrations, even your television set. Try to sense the world around you as a source of information. This could and will open a whole new horizon of experience.
After a while, you will be able to feel or sense the move- ment of the tumblers of a Sargeant and Greenleaf safe. My first safe opened in three minutes because of that technique that took me years to discover.
VISUALIZATION
If you respect the security of the lock and do not become overconfident, you will never become disappointed if you fail to open it. You also increase your chances of opening the lock because you personally have nothing to gain or lose by opening it. Give up trying to be an expert and just pick the lock.
With such an attitude, you may find the lock will usually pop right open. I never received a trophy for being the best lock picker in the state. My satisfaction is in know- ing that I am never helpless in a lockout situation. The quality of your success is almost romantic; it involves sen- sitivity and compassion in the face of curiosity as a means to help others.
Visualization and imagination are important to the lock picker. I’ve noticed that people who have the ability to visualize the internal parts of the lock that they are pick- ing seldom fail to open it in moments. Anyone can learn to do this by simply remembering to do it while picking a lock. Since sight, sound, and touch are involved with the process, visualization is very easy to do. Try to keep all of your attention on the lock during the picking pro- cess. This will help you to learn how to use heightened sensitivity for picking locks.
So in that respect, an unopened lock is like a new and unexplored lover. You imagine all of the qualities of an attractive person whom you’ve just met and apply that feeling to the lock that you are picking. Use visualization. It will help immensely.
(Note: All this Zen stuff may sound like a load of shit, but it’s not. I myself cannot pick a lock unless I am comfortable. If I am craving a cigarette or I am hungry or something else like that, I have a difficult time opening a lock. Also, attitude is important. Don’t show off.)
Since the 2016 there has been an increased focus on the geographic divide: Urban vs Rural. While this divide is omnipresent throughout US History and occasionally bubbles to the top (anyone remember the clarion call of Raise Less Corn and More Hell?). The election of 2016 is one of these times. Rural America clearly is hurting and the 2016 election was a cry for help.
This will be a page to hold some resources, articles, pieces, and books about the urban rural divide and how to fix / policy solutions.
Paul Krugman’s hot take on how to reverse rural America’s decline.
Monica Potts op-ed on what the fight over a rural library says about Rural America. Basically, some communities and the families that make it up retreat inward (“take care of my own”) rather than working together to invest.
David Brook’s piece on what Rural America can offer the rest of us.
Sarah Smarsh op piece that highlights an interesting trend of folks returning home to rural areas.
The Brooking Institution’s Piece on how the road to economic revival in the Heartland runs through older industrial cities
Rural America in Decline – an info news piece by the New York Times that charts the population decline.
Rural America is Saving itself – a brief review of rural assets (like social capital) and how if combined well can work to arrest decline in rural communities.
Alienated America – basically an updated thesis of Robert Putnam’s Bowling Alone. Large parts of America have lost the social capital that can make a community happy and prosperous. For many it the was result of economic changes like “the factory closed” which has cascading effects like the diner where the community used to meet closing. The lack of social capital makes it difficult to develop relationships and build “little platoons” and accumulate power be it economic, social or political. It increases instability, deaths of despair, and broken families. Indeed, for many parts of America the dream is dead. For the Trump voter they come from places like this. This contrasts with other parts of America that are dynamic. They have strong community and local institutions that enhance the social capital.
Balance of Payments – Rural America as Recipients of a disproportional amount of federal dollars. A study done by the Rockafeller Institute For Government.
There are several instruments that are important in Iranian culture. Some instruments originated from inside Iran while the origins of other instruments are not known. Three important instruments that have contributed to Iran’s rich musical history and culture are the daf, the tar, and the santur. These instruments are used mainly to play classical Persian music as they do not lend themselves easily to integration with western styles of composition.
The daf is a musical instrument that looks like an oversized tambourine. It is held in the right hand and played with both hands by tapping the sides and the head to create sounds. Some daf’s have metal rings while others do not. The daf’s exact origin date is not known but it was created in Iran. The original word for daf was dap. That term along with pictures can be found in paintings, poems, and reliefs of pre-Islamic Iran. The daf’s role was mostly religious and spiritual rather than musical. This is evidenced by the Sufi’s having borrowed the daf and incorporating it into their religious ceremonies.
Another important instrument is the tar. The tar is shaped like a lute but with a double-body and may have three to six strings. The tar is considered the “sultan of instruments” and the creation of the tar was probably influenced by the Persian Empire. However, the present form of the tar was developed in the 19th century by the expert tar maker, Hovanes Abkarian who is considered the father of the modern Persian Tar. One use of the tar over the years has been in music therapy. It was written in the book “Gabusname” by Keykavus Ziyari that the use the tar held healing properties. Some etymologists suggest the English “guitar” has its origins in the Iranian word “tar.”
The final instrument is the santur. The santur originated in Iran and was spread to other regions via the Persian Empire, Arab Empire, and the Silk Road. The santur is an instrument that has wires bridged across plywood. The santur may have many strings. The Persian version has 72. The wires are strung with a pair of hammer sticks called the Mezrab. Some santurs have movable bridges which can continuously change the pitch of a note by several steps.
Learn more about Persian with some of my Farsi Resources here.
Iran is home to a wide variety of professional sports and parlor games. Some sports and games are domestic having originated from inside Iran. Other sports and games are imports, having originated from outside Iran. Several games that Iranians invented at one time or another were an Olympic sport.
The game of Polo (Chogan) has its origins in Iran. Polo was carried by nomads who traveled and settled in Iran. Polo as a sport has been documented in the epic poem Shahnameh. Polo in fact was so popular that it was an olympic sport between 1900-1039. While Polo has been known to the people of Iran, it has mostly a sport reserved for the elite and royalty. This probably explains why following the 1979 revolution Polo declined in popularity. It was expensive and seen as a sign of the Shah. Although, it appears that in recent years interest in the sport has increased.
Another popular sport in Iran is wrestling. While Iran probably cannot claim to have invented wrestling it has contributed greatly to the free-style form of wrestling. A primary difference between the Greco-Roman style of wrestling and the free-style form is that the former prohibits the use of the legs while the latter allows it. In this manner, Iran is considered a leader in training wrestlers for the free-form style of wrestling.
Commitment to be a wrestler in Iran is as much a life-style choice as it is a training regime. In particular, wrestlers are encouraged to adhere to certain Islamic principles like loyalty, faith, and courage and to follow the Varzesh-e-Pahalvani, which is the spot training path. In doing so, wrestlers attend a Zurkhaneh where they are trained in the sport. Wrestlers train with unique objects like wooden clubs and will often recite excerpts from the Shahnameh while they train. Free-form wrestling has been an Olympic Sport since 1904. Iran has won 32 medals in free-form wrestling.
Besides being the originator of several professional sports, Iran can lay claim to inventing backgammon, or Takhteh Nard. The game was supposedly invented in Iran around the 6th century. However, excavations at the “Burnt-City” on the southern border between India and Iran have found a game similar to backgammon that has been dated to around 3000 BC.
Finally, two modern “import” sports that enjoy immense popularity are football and basketball. Iran has a national basketball team which placed 11th in the World at the 2008 Bejing Olympics. Iranian basketball is an upcoming sport as several amateur-ranked and professional players from around the world (including from the US) have honed their skills playing basketball in Iran either prior to going professional or during the off-season.
Iran also has a national football team. The national football team is ranked 4th in Asia and 45th overall according to current FIFA rankings. Iran has both female and male national soccer teams. Unfortunately, the national women’s team was recently banned from the London Olympics on account of the FIFA’s regulations against headscarfs.
Learn more about Persian with some of my Farsi Resources here.
