Below are some worksheets I’ve come across that have been kid-tested and work well!
Roll a Picasso
Author: Pat Costa
40-something teacher, technophile, historian, and lover of languages.
World War Two 88th Infantry Division
When I first started reenacting, this was the unit my friends and I decided to reenact. It was a draftee division made up of average Americans, and we thought it fitting. Over the years, I’ve collected lots of information related to this unit, and I’ll be putting it here.
913rd Field Artillery Battalion – 88th Infantry Division attached field artillery
Muzzle Flash – a report from a field artillery unit in Italy and in Europe. I’m unsure if it was or wasn’t with the 88th.
World War Two Italian Partisan
This post will just be a collection of information I have about World War Two Italian Partisan uniforms, equipment, etc.
8th Garibaldi Brigade uniform https://www.kubel1943.it/dettaglio.php?id=1732
Tobacco Tins
One of the other things I collect is Tobacco Tins. This will just be a page that will outline some information I’ve learned about it.
The George Washington Tobacco tin came in two types. The images below are from 1926 as identified by the tax stamp. This tin has a flat cover. At some point this was changed to be a dome cover (maybe by the early 40s?)
US Navy Regulations 1941-46
1941 Uniform Regulations, with Wartime Amendments
The U.S. Navy’s uniform regulations of 1917 were revised and published in 1941; however, the 1941 edition was obsolete by the time it went to print. Habitual indecisiveness and reneging with regard to uniforms are apparent in the sheer number of changes and amendments made to these regulations during the war. In some cases, uniform insignia was introduced one month and abolished the next.
Additionally, unauthorized insignia were often designed, produced privately, and worn on uniforms without authorization, only to be approved for wear retroactively at a later date by the Navy. Other insignia worn by men of special units were never authorized for wear by the Navy. At the onset of World War II in 1941, the Navy provided a large number of uniform options for both officers and enlisted. Many of these optional uniforms were considered superfluous to the war effort and abolished. Many pre-war uniform accoutrements were made of metal wire, bullion, or other materials that could be put to better use in the manufacture of ships, vehicles, aircraft, and munitions. Two examples of wartime conservation of uniform ornamentation were bullion rating badges and officers’ swords, both of which were no longer required after 1942.
Other uniforms were abolished simply to conserve the textile materials used in their production. In addition to abolishing older nonessential uniform items, new uniforms and accessories were introduced during the war. All of these constant changes to the regulations made them impossible to enforce. Consequently, the wartime regulations are also very difficult to organize and list as an historical reference as well.
The following is the complete 1941 Uniform Regulations as they were published in May of that year. Amendments made to these regulations between 1941 and 1947 are provided as an appendix. Due to the complexity, redundancy, and impossibly confusing nature of the Uniform Regulations prior to the 1948 revision, no collection of the wartime Navy regulations has ever been compiled into one publication.
To the best of the author’s knowledge, the following is the first attempt to organize, catalog, and record all of the regulation amendments put into effect between 1941 and 1947.
Page 1:
The cover of the U.S. Navy Uniform Regulations as they were published in May 1941.
Pages 2-195:
The complete and unedited 1941 uniform regulations.
Pages 196-211:
The following regulation amendments are transcribed here from handwritten memos and slips of paper pasted into a revised set of regulations. The date of the letter or authorization documentation is provided in parentheses “( )” when available. Note that the following regulation amendments refer to a specific article of the 1941 regulations. For example, an amendment beginning with the numbers “2-86” refers to article 2-86 of the 1941 regulations concerning caps. The abbreviations: BP CL or BuPers = Bureau of Naval Personnel Circular Letter, and BN CL = Bureau of Navigation Circular Letter.
Pages 212-221:
These documents are the actual typewritten regulation amendments that were distributed in the form of “Circular Letters”. As regulations were changed, news of these changes was delivered to ships and stations in a memo format called Circular Letters. These were to be pasted into existing copies of the 1941 Uniform Regulation book as they were received. Obviously, the huge number of Circular Letters that were distributed during World War II couldn’t all be pasted into the one volume, so many were lost or misplaced. It is important to note that many Circular Letters addressed several regulation amendments over a period of years. For example, a letter dated January 1946 may in fact be in reference to amendment changes authorized in 1944 and 1945. This was typically the case and it was common for amendments to be consolidated and distributed a year or two after their inception. With this, amendments with post-World War II dates should not be dismissed as post-war revisions. The following regulation changes refer to the wearing of insignia and ribbons.
Pages 222-238:
The following regulation changes refer to the wearing of insignia and ribbons.
Pages 239-287:
The following are general regulation changes concerning the Naval uniform of officers and enlisted men from 1941-1947.
World War Two Song and Radio Broadcasts
This is just a collection of audio broadcasts that I have.
US Military Marching Music
Blood on the Risers – A song about the US Airborne sung to the tune of “Battle Hymn of the Republic”.
82nd Airborne Division Chorus Glider Rider -“Glider Rider” A tribute song by the 82nd Airborne Chorus to those soldiers who rode in gliders into battle.
US Radio Advertisements
US Sports Broadcasts
1942 Michigan Wolverines vs. Ohio State Buckeyes
World Series 1942: New York Yankees vs. St. Louis Cardinals Game 1
1943 All-Star Baseball Game: National League vs American League
World Series 1943: St. Louis Cardinals vs. New York Yankees Game 1
World Series: New York Yankees vs. Brooklyn Dodgers Game 2
World Series 1943: St. Louis Cardinals vs. New York Yankees Game 4
World Series 1943: St. Louis Cardinals vs. New York Yankees Game 5
1944 World Series: St. Louis Browns vs. St. Louis Cardinals Game 4
1944 World Series: St. Louis Browns vs. St. Louis Cardinals Game 5
1944 World Series: St. Louis Browns vs. St. Louis Cardinals Game 6
Dec 1944 Army Cadets vs. Navy Midshipmen
Oct 1944 Notre Dame Fighting Irish vs. Illinois Fighting Illini
Nov 1944 Notre Dame Fighting Irish vs. Army Cadets
Dec 1944 Notre Dame Fighting Irish vs. Great Lakes Navy Bluejackets
Jan 1945 East-West Shrine Game 1945 – 1945 East-West Shrine, a post-season college football game featuring players from schools in the Eastern half of the United States against players from schools in the Western part.
Feb 1945 Sugar Ray Robinson v. Jake LaMotta 1945 Fight
US Radio News Broadcasts
March 1942 Baseball during World War II – A discussion on whether or not Major League Baseball should be discontinued until after World War II.
An Archive.org selection from: 1940 | 1941 | 1942 | 1943 | 1944 | 1945 |
Another Archive.org selection from: 1940 | 1941 | 1942 | 1943 | 1944 | 1945 |
German
Axis Sally Broadcast – I’m not sure which one, but it takes place in 1943.
German World War II Ordnance and Manufacturer Codes
Ordnance Codes for Rifles
| Code | Manufacturer |
|---|---|
| duv S/237 237 | Berlin-Luebecker Maschinenfabriken, Werk Luebeck |
| S/27 S/27G 27 | Erfurter Maschinenfabrik (ERMA) |
| ax | Feinmechanische Werke GmbH, Erfurt, Altonaerstr. 25 |
| 337 bcd | Gustloff Werke, Werk Weimar, Weimar |
| bcd/ar | Gustloff Werke in Weimar, and Mauser-Werke AG, Berlin |
| ce S/147 S/147G 147 S/147K | J.P. Sauer & Sohn, Suhl |
| svw byf | Mauser-Werke AG, Oberndorf a./N |
| S/42 42 | Mauser-Werke AG, Oberndorf a./N, early code |
| S/42K | Mauser-Werke AG, Oberndorf a./N, production in 1934 |
| S/42G | Mauser-Werke AG, Oberndorf a./N, production in 1935 |
| ar S243 S243G 243 | Mauser-Werke AG, Werke Borsigwalde, Berlin-Borsigwalde, Eichborndamm |
| 660 | Steyr-Daimler Puch, Steyr, Austria |
| bnz | Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG, Werke Steyr, Steyr, Austria |
| swap dot 945 | Waffenwerke Bruenn AG, Brno, Czechoslovakia |
| dou | Waffenwerke Bruenn AG, Werke Bystrica |
P38 Pistol Manufacturer Codes
| Code | Manufacturer | Dates |
|---|---|---|
| Walther | Walther | 37 – mid 40 |
| 480 | Walther | mid 40 – Oct 42 |
| ac | Walther | Oct 42 to end of war |
| byf | Mauser | Nov 42 to Jan 45 |
| SvW | Mauser | Jan 45 to end of war |
| cyg | Spreewerk | Mar 41 to end of war |
Serial numbers were never to exceed 10,000 in a series. Second series included suffix “a” being added, third series had suffix of “b” and so on. As an example: AC44 9875c means a Walther pistol manufactured in 1944, 4th series, 9875 pistol of that series, though some sources say not all serial numbers were sequential.
Helmet Manufacturer Codes
| Code | Manufacturer |
|---|---|
| ET (or ckl) | Eisenhüttenwerke |
| NS | Vereinigte Deutsche Nikelwerke |
| Q | Quist |
| SE (or hkp) | Sachsische Emaillier und Stanzwewerke |
| FS (or EF) | Emaillierwerke A.G. |
Manufacturer Codes
This table combines the continued Manufacturer Codes table that spans pages 3-23 of the source PDF.
| Code | Manufacturer |
|---|---|
| aaa | C. August Wagner, Kirschau in Sachsen |
| aac | Mannesman-Roehrenwerke, Komotau, Sudeten Germany |
| aak | Waffenfabrik Bruenn AG, Prague |
| aaj | Obenhuetten, Vereinigte Oberschlesische Huettenwerke AG |
| aak | Waffenwerke Bruenn AG, Prague, Wrsovice plant, Czechoslovakia |
| aan | Mitteldeutsche Metallwarenfabrik, Erich Frank, Glauchau, Saxony |
| aar | Metallwarenfabrik Geba, Breslau |
| aaw | Metallwarenfabrik Gebr. Schmidt, Idar-Oberstein |
| aba | Hermann Schubert, Zittau / Sachsen. Wrongly associated with German military stores, this is a trademark associated with Aba-Werke Alig u. Baumgaertel (see 'fqx') |
| abb | Friedrichsthaler Eisenwerk, Jennewein u. Gapp, Friedrichsthal (Saar) |
| abc | Deutsche Metallwerke, Weinstrasse, Neustadt |
| abh | Koch u. Soehne, Frankenthal-Plomersheim (Iron and metal products) |
| ac | Carl Walther, Zella-Mehlis, Thuringia |
| acu | Brause u. Co., Iserlohn |
| ad | Patronen-, Zuendhuetchen- und Metallwarenfabrik AG (formerly Sellier u. Bellot), Schoenebeck on the Elbe |
| adc | William Prym, Stollberg, Rheinland |
| aek | F. Dusek Waffenerzeugung, Oppeln near Nachod, Czechoslovakia |
| afb | Metabowerk Closs, Rauch u. Schnitzler, Nuertingen |
| afu | August Winkhaus, Muenster |
| ai | Unknown |
| aj | Soerensen u. Koester, Neumuenster |
| ajf | Junker u. Ruh AG, Karlsruhe, Baden |
| ajn | Union Sprengstoff- und Zuendmittelwerke, Alt-Berum |
| ak | Munitionsfabriken (formerly Sellier u. Bellot, Prague), Vlasim, Czechoslovakia |
| akp | Deutsche Roehrenwerke, Poensgen plant, Duesseldorf-Lierenfeld |
| akv | Berg und Huettenwerksgesellschaft, Werk Radotin bei Prag, renamed Prager Aktiengesellschaft fuer Berg und Huettenwerksgesellschaft in c.1943 |
| al | Deutsche Leucht- u. Signalwerke, Dr. Feistel AG, Berlin-Charlottenburg |
| am | Gustloff Werke, Otto Eberhardt Patronenfabrik, Hirtenberg, Niederdonau |
| ama | Herdfabrik Imperial GmbH, Buende in Westfalen |
| amh | Hans Buellman-Werke, Gablonz / Schlag, Sudetengau |
| amj | Waggonfabrik L. Steinfurt, Koenigsberg |
| amn | Mauser-Werke KG, Neuwied plant |
| amo | Mauser-Werke KG, Waldeck-Kassel plant |
| amp | Dortmund Hoerder Huettenverein, Dortmund |
| an | C. Beutemueller u. Co. GmbH, Metalwarenfabrik [sic] (ammo), Bretten-Baden |
| and | Magdeburger Pumpenfabrik, Otterburg u. Co., Magdeburg |
| anj | J. Kienzle-Uhrenfabrik AG, Komotau, Sudeten Germany |
| anx | Koenigs-Laura-Huette, Koenigshuette |
| anz | Maschinen- u. Armaturenfabrik, formerly L. Strube, division of Polte, Magdeburg-Buckau |
| ap | Deutsches Leucht- u. Signalmittelwerk, Dr. Feistel KG, Werk Wuppertal-Ronsdorf. Often wrongly identified as Gustloff-Werke, Werk Wuppertal-Ronsdorf |
| apc | J. Andersen, Neckarsulm, sometimes wrongly associated with Continental Caoutchouc Co. GmbH, Hannover |
| aqe | Deutsche Kabelwerke, Berlin |
| aqk | Miele u. Co., Bielefeld |
| aqt | Otto Grusen u. Co., Magdeburg) |
| aqx | Rheinmetall-Borsig, Tegel plant (Eventually replaced by 'hhg') |
| ar | Mauser-Werke, Berlin-Borsigwalde |
| arb | Vereinigte Oberschlesige Oberschlesische Huettenwerke, Andreashuette |
| arl | Bergmann Elektrizitaetswerke AG, Berlin-Wilhelmsruh, added to the code lists in c.1942-3 |
| asb | Deutsche Waffen- u. Munitionsfabriken AG, Berlin-Borsigwalde |
| aso | Fichtel u. Sachs, Schweinfurt |
| asr | HAK Hanseatisches-Kettenwerk GmbH, Hamburg-Langenhorn |
| asx | Hoesch AG, Dortmund plant |
| at | Kloeckner-Werke, Div. Hasper Eisen- u. Stahlwerk, Hagen-Haspe |
| atb | Hydrometer AG, Breslau, Czechoslovakia |
| atl | Kloeckner-Humbold-Deutz, Ulm |
| atr | Langbein-Pfannhauser-Werke AG, Leipzig |
| atw | Mannesman-Roehrenwerke AG, Witten plant, Ruhr |
| aty | Maschinenfabrik fuer Massenverpackung, Luebeck-Schlutrup |
| au | Guteoffnungshuette Oberhausen, Sterkrade plant |
| auc | Mauser-Werke KG, Cologne-Ehrenfeld |
| aue | Metall u. Eisen GmbH, Nuernberg |
| auf | Metall-, Guss- und Presswerk, H. Diehl, Nuernberg |
| auj | Monheimer Ketten- u. Metallwaren-Industrie Poetz u. Sand, Monheim-Duesseldorf |
| auu | Patronenhuelsen- u. Metallwarenfabrik AG, Rokycany plant, Pilsen, Czechoslovakia |
| aux | Polte-Werk, Magdeburg |
| auy | Polte-Werk, Grueneberg |
| auz | Polte-Werk, Arnstadt |
| av | Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke AG (VDM), Zweigniederlassung Carl Borg Messinghalbfabrikate, Werdohl, subsequently renamed VDM-Halbzeugwerke GmbH, occasionally mistakenly identified as Adam Gerhard Motorenwerke, Oskau Friedrichshof |
| ave | Preuss u. Heinrich, Doebeln in Sachsen |
| avk | Ruhrstahl AG, Brackwede-Bielefeld |
| avm | Rheinhuette GmbH (Formerly Beck u. Co.), Wiesbaden |
| avt | Silva-Metallwerke GmbH, div. of Polte, Magdeburg |
| avu | Silva Metallwerke GmbH, Werk Genthin |
| awj | The Yale u. Towne Manufacturing u. Company, Velbert |
| awl | Union-Gesellschaft fuer Metallindustrie, Sils van de Loo u. Co., Werl plant, Froendeberg, Ruhr |
| awt | Wuerttembergische Metallwarenfabrik AG, Geislingen (Steige) |
| ax | Feinmechanische Werke GmbH, Erfurt |
| axq | Erfurter Laden Industrie, North Erfurt |
| axs | Berndorfer Metallwarenfabrik AG, Arthur Krupp AG, Werk Amstetten |
| ay | Alois Pirkel, Elektrotechnische Fabrik, Reichenberg |
| aye | Olympia Bueromaschinenwerke AG, Erfurt |
| ayf | ERMA – Erfurter Maschinenfabrik B. Geipel GmbH, Erfurt |
| ayg | Julius Maurer, Oberstein an der Nahe |
| ayk | M. Rudolf Jahr, Gera |
| aym | Carl Hoffmann, Aue in Sachsen |
| ayr | Moritz Perthel, Gera |
| az | Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke AG, Zweigniederlassung Basse u. Selve, Altena; after c.1943, VDM-Halbzeugwerke GmbH, Zweigniederlassung, Altena |
| azg | Siemens-Schukert-Werke AG, Berlin |
| azy | Maschinenfabrik Sangershausen AG |
| ba | Sundwiger Messingwerke, Iserlohn, Westphalia (formerly Gebr. von der Becke KG) |
| baz | Netersener Maschinedfabrik, M. Hatrase, Netersen…probably confused with 'bnz' |
| bb | A. Laue u. Co., Werk Reinickendorf |
| bc | Kupfer- u. Messingwerke AG, Becker u. Co., Langenberg, Rheinland |
| bcd | Wilhelm-Gustloff-Werke, Weimar |
| bch | Augsburger Federnfabrik, Hans von Schwartzenberg u. Georg Oberploederl, Augsburg |
| bck | Brueninghaus, Versmold |
| bcu | Gutehoffnungshuette, Oberhausen, formerly Maschinenfabrik Naniel u. Lueg, Duesseldorf-Grafenberg |
| bd | Metallwerke Lange AG, Bodenbach plant, Sudeten Germany, formerly Krizik-Chaudoir-Metallwerke AG, Bodenbach / Elbe |
| bda | Uhrenfabrik Villingen |
| bdq | Ehrhardt u. Kirsten, Koffer- u. Lederwarenfabrik, Leipzig |
| bdr | Richard Ehrhardt, Lederwarenfabrik, Poeseneck Poessneck, Thuringia |
| bdy | Pittler Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik AG, Leipzig |
| be | Berndorfer Metallwarenfabrik, Arthur Krupp AG, Berndorf, Austria |
| bed | MIAG-Muehlenbau und Industrie AG, Braunschweiger Lutherwerk, Braunschweig… possibly confused with 'bcd' |
| beh | Ernst Leitz GmbH, Wetzlar |
| bej | Maschinenfabrik Buckau, R. Wolf AG, Magdeburg |
| bek | Hensoldt-Werk fuer Optik und Mechanik, Herborn |
| bf | Deutsche Roehrenwerke AG, Muehlheim, Ruhr |
| bfn | New York-Hamburger Gummiwaren Co., Hamburg |
| bg | Gebr. Boehler u. Co. AG, Zweigniederlassung Edelstahlwerke, Berlin |
| bh | Bruenner Waffenfabrik AG, Bruenn, Czechoslovakia |
| bj | Neibecker u. Schumacher, Iserlohn, Westphalia |
| bjm | Kloeckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, Werk Deutz, Koeln |
| bjv | Boehmisch-Maehrische Kolben-Danek AG, Vysocan plant, Prague |
| bk | Metall-, Walz- u. Plattierwerke Hindrichs Auffermann AG, Wuppertal |
| bkp | Roehrenwerk Johannes Surman GmbH, Arnsberg…sometimes wrongly associated with 'Gewehrfabrik Burgsmueller u. Soehne GmbH, Kreiensen / Harz' |
| bkq | K. Urbanovsky GmbH, Werk Zastavka bei Bruenn und Segen Gottes (Rosice) bei Bruenn |
| bky | Boehmische Waffenfabrik AG, Prague, Ung. Bro Brod plant, Moravia, Czechoslovakia |
| bkz | Johannes Schaefer, Gartzer Schraubenwerk GmbH, Gartz / Oder |
| bl | Radio H. Mende u. Co., Dresden |
| bla | E. G. Leuner GmbH, Bautzen |
| blc | Carl Zeiss, Military Division, Jena |
| bln | Brueder Assmann, Leibnitz in Steiermark |
| blp | Grazer Maschinen- und Waggonbaufabrik AG, Graz (later renamed 'Simmering-Graz-Paucker AG, Werk Graz')…often mistakenly associated with Burgsmueller u. Soehne (see 'bkp') |
| blr | Oskar Krieger GmbH, Dresden |
| blu | Sprengstoffwerke Blumau AG, Blumau near Felixdorf |
| blx | Michael Seidel, Zirndorf bei Nuernberg |
| bm | AEG-Allgemeine Elektrizitaets-Gesellschaft, Abeteilung Zaehlerfabrik, Berlin |
| bmb | Metallwarenfabrik Reichertshofen, Inhaber Karl Binder, Reichertshofen |
| bmd | Max G. Mueller, Fabrik fuer Lederwaren u. Heeresbedarf, Nuernberg |
| bmf | Maehrische Stahl- und Eisenindustrie AG, Olmuetz |
| bmj | Hensoldt u. Soehne, Mechanisch-Optische Werke AG, Wetzlar |
| bml | Hans Roemer, Neu-Ulm / Donau |
| bmu | Carl Kuntze, Sattlerwarenfabrik, Penig, Saxony |
| bmv | Rheinmetall-Borsig AG, Soemmerda plant, Soemmerda |
| bmz | Minerva-Naehmaschinenfabrik AG, Boskowitz, Czechoslovakia |
| bn | AEG-Allgemeine Elektrizitaets-Gesellschaft, Annaberg in Erzgebirge |
| bnd | MAN – Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nuernberg, Nuernberg plant, Nuernberg |
| bne | Metallwerke Odertal GmbH, Odertal |
| bnf | Metallwerk Wolfenbuettel GmbH, Wolfenbuettel |
| bnz | Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG, Steyr, Austria |
| bo | Ing. Nikolaus Eltz, Wien |
| boa | Venditor, Kunststoff-Verkaufs GmbH, Troisdorf |
| bod | Tedloff-VAMAG, Vereinigte Armaturen- und Maschinenfabriken AG, Wien |
| bot | Metallwerke Neheim, Goeke u. Co. KG, Neheim |
| bp | Otto Goessel u. Co., Glashuette in Sachsen |
| bpd | C.P. Goerz GmbH, Wien |
| bpr | Johannes Grossfuss, Metall- u. Locierwarenfabrik, Doebeln, Saxony |
| bpt | Telefon- und Telegraphenfabriks AG, Kapsch u. Soehne, Wien |
| bq | Roland Brandt, Berlin |
| bqo | Friedrich Krupp Grusonwerk AG, Magdeburg-Buckau |
| bqs | Frank u. Co. KG, Kuestrin N. |
| bqt | Eugen Mueller, Pyrotechnische Fabrik, Vienna, Austria |
| br | Mathias Baeuerle, Laufwerke GmbH, St. Georgen, Black Forest |
| brb | Richard Rinker GmbH, Iserlohn |
| brd | HAGENUK-Hanseatische Apparaetebau-Gesellschaft Neufeldt u. Kuhnke GmbH, Kiel |
| brg | H.W. Schmidt, Doebeln in Sachsen |
| bsv | Toenshoff, Horn in Lippe |
| bt | Radiowerk Horny AG, Wien |
| bte | Frank'sche Eisenwerke AG, Adolfshuette, Niederscheld / Dillkreis |
| btk | Otto Honsel, Werdohl |
| btn | Ernst Goesser, Iserlohn |
| buc | Metallwerke Windelsbleiche near Bielefeld |
| buh | Roechling'sche Eisen- und Stahlwerke GmbH, Abteilung Stabfedernfabrik, Wetzlar |
| bv | Dr. techn. Otto Fritz, formerly Max Groten, Wien |
| bvl | Theodor Bergmann u. Co., Abteilung Automaten- u. Metallwarenfabrikation, Hamburg-Altona |
| bvv | Rothmueller-Mewa, Wien |
| bw | Minerva Radio, W. Wohlleber u. Co., Wien |
| bwc | B. Maier KG, Brackwede in Westfalen |
| bwn | Friedrich Krupp AG, Essen |
| bwo | Rheinmetall- Borsig AG, Duesseldorf |
| bwp | BAMAG – Berlin-Anhaltische Maschinenbau AG, Dessau |
| bwq | Brinker Eisenwerke Max H. Mueller, Hannover-Brink |
| bwr | Mitteldeutsche Stahlwerke AG, Lauchhammerwerk, Groeditz / Riesa |
| bwx | Ruhrstahl AG, Henrichshuette-Hattingen |
| bxb | Aktiengesellschaft vormals Skodawerke, Pilsen, Czechoslovakia |
| bxe | Bochumer Verein fuer Guss-stahlfabrikation AG, Bochum |
| bxm | VZK – Vereinigte Zuender- u. Kabelwerke AG, Meissen |
| bxn | Bayrisches Kabelwerk, Riffelmacher u. Engelhardt AG, Roth bei Nuernberg |
| by | Ernst Grunow, Muenchen |
| byc | Aug. Kloenne, Dortmund |
| bye | HANOMAG-Hannover'sche Maschinenbau AG vorm. Georg Egestorff, Hannover |
| byf | Mauser-Werke KG, Oberndorf on the Neckar |
| byg | Johann Wyksen KG, Optische u. Feinmaschinen, Kattowitz, Poland |
| bym | Genossenschafts-Maschinenhaus der Buechsenmacher, Ferlach, Austria |
| byq | M. Pohlmann u. Co., Hammerwerke, Wetterburg, Hessen-Nassau |
| byr | Ruhrstahl AG, Annener Guss-stahlwerk, Witten-Annen |
| bys | Ruhrstahl AG, Guss-stahlwerk, Witten |
| byw | Johann Schaefer, Stettiner Schraubenwerk, Stettin |
| bzt | Fritz Wolf, Gewehrfabrik, Zella-Mehlis, Thuringia |
| bzz | IG-Farbenindustrie, Camerawerk Muenchen |
| Ca | Vereinigte Deutsche Nickelwerke (formerly Westfaelisches Nickelwalzwerk Fleitmann, Witte u. Co.), Schwerte, Ruhr |
| cag | Swarowski, D., Glasfabrik u. Tyrolit, Wattens, Tyrol, Austria |
| cau | Kodak Aktiengesellschaft Dr. Nagel-Werk, Stuttgart-Wangen |
| cbl | Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke AG, Zweigniederlassung Sueddeutsche Metallindustrie, Nuernberg W. |
| cbr | Gebr. Boehler u. Co. AG, Boehlerwerk bei Waidhofen an der Ybbs, Niederdonau |
| cby | Gussstahlwerk Carl Boennhof KG, Wetter / Ruhr |
| ccb | Stahlwerke Bruenninghaus AG, Westhofen, Westphalia |
| ccd | DEMAG, Wetter |
| ccx | Optische u. Feinmaschinenwerke, Hugo Meyer u. Co., Goerlitz |
| cdc | Kern, Klager u. Co., Lederwaren, Berlin |
| cdg | Auwaerter u. Bubeck KG, Lederwarenfabrik, Stuttgart |
| cdo | Theodor Bergmann u. Co., Waffen- u. Munitionsfabrik, Velten plant, Velten on the Main |
| cdp | Theodor Bergmann u. Co., Waffen- u. Munitionsfabrik, Bernau plant, Berlin |
| cdv | Metallwarenfabrik Ludwig Maybaum, Sundern, Westphalia |
| ce | J.P. Sauer u. Sohn, Waffenfabrik, Suhl, Thuringia |
| cey | Karl Budischovsky u. Soehne, Oesterreichische Lederindustrie AG, Vienna |
| cf | Westfaelische Anhaltische Sprengstoff AG, Oranienburg plant |
| cg | Finower Industrie GmbH, Finow, Mark |
| cgn | Rohrbacher Lederfabrik, Josef Poeschels Soehne, Rohrbach |
| cgt | Josef Stefsky, Stockerau, Niederdonau |
| ch | Fabrique Nationale d'Armes de Guerre, Herstal, Liege, Belgium |
| chd | Deutsche Industrie-Werke AG, Berlin-Spandau |
| chh | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke AG, Zweigniederlassung, Hannover plant, Linden |
| cja | Gebr. Junghans AG, Schramberg / Schwarzwald |
| cjg | Bartelmuss u. Suchy, Bielitz / Oberschlesien |
| cjn | Franz Lipowsky, Wien, sometimes mistakenly identified as 'Junghans, Schramberg' (see 'cja') |
| ck | Metallwerk Neumeyer, Munich |
| ckc | Deutsche Eisenwerke AG, Muehlheim, Ruhr |
| ckl | Eisen- u. Huettenwerke, Thale, Harz |
| cko | Huettenwerk, Eisengiesserei u. Maschinenfabrik, Michelstadt, Odenwald |
| cl | Metschke, Karl, Auto- u. Maschinenreparatur, Berlin plant |
| clg | Ernst Melzig, Liegnitz |
| cma | Vereinigte Oberschlesische Huettenwerke, AG, Gleiwitz |
| cmg | Union-Fabrik chemischer Produkte AG, Werk Stolzenhagen-Kratzwieck / Pommern |
| cms | Konrad Lindhorst, Berlin |
| cmw | Dr. Ing. Rudolf Hell, Berlin |
| cmz | Zuenderwerke Ernst Bruen, Krefeld, Linn |
| cnd | Krupp-National-Registerierkassen (cash registers) GmbH, Berlin plant |
| cob | Netzschkauer Maschinenfabrik, Stark u. Soehne, Netzschkau, Saxony |
| coe | Luebecker Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft |
| cof | Waffenfabrik Carl Eickhorn, Solingen |
| con | Franz Stock, Maschinen- u. Werkzeugfabrik, Berlin |
| cos | Gebrueder Merz, Merz-Werke, Frankfurt, Main |
| cow | Wintershall AG, Spritzgusswerk, Berlin |
| cpj | Havelwerk GmbH, Brandenburg / Havel |
| cpn | Rheinmetall-Borsig AG, Werk Apolda |
| cpo | Rheinmetall-Borsig AG, Berlin-Marienfeld |
| cpp | Rheinmetall-Borsig AG, Breslau plant |
| cpq | Rheinmetall-Borsig AG, Gubeb Guben plant |
| cq | Warz u. Co., Zella-Mehlis, Thuringia |
| cqd | Pranaefa-Werke GmbH, Solingen |
| cr | Zander u. Opitz, Berlin, succeeded by W. Sasse, c.1943 |
| crm | 'Phy-We'-Physikalische Werkstaetten AG, Goettingen |
| cro | R. Fuess, Optische Industrie, formerly J.G. Greiner u. Geissler, Berlin-Steglitz |
| crs | Paul Weyersberg u. Co., Waffenfabrik, Solingen |
| crv | Fritz Werner, Plant II, Berlin |
| crw | Maschinenfabrik F.W. Hofmann GmbH, Breslau |
| csa | J.G. Schwietzke, Duesseldorf |
| csq | Pollux, Ludwigshafen, Rhein |
| csx | Gothaer Metallwarenfabrik GmbH, Gotha |
| cte | Kloeckner Maschinenfabrik, Manstadt division, Troisdorf |
| ctf | Eisenwerke Gaggenau GmbH, Gaggenau, Baden |
| ctg | Carlshuette Maschinen- u. Stahlbau GmbH, Waldenburg, Altwasser, Silesia |
| ctn | Koelner Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik von Wilhelm Quester, Koeln, sometimes mistakenly identified with Hanseatische Werksta etten fuer Feinmechanik u. Optik, Friedrichs u. Co. |
| cts | Maerkische Werke, H. Wilmsmann GmbH, drop forge plant, Halver |
| ctu | Christ u. Co., Gruenberg in Schlesien |
| cty | Zwickauer Maschinenfabrik, Zwickau in Sachsen |
| cue | Roechling-Buderus-Stahlwerke, Finowfurt plant, Brandenburg |
| cuf | Roechling-Buderus-Stahlwerke, Melle plant, Hannover |
| cuy | Emil Adolff, Reutlingen |
| cuz | Eisenwerk [sic] Gesellschaft Maximilianshuette, stamping plant, Thuringia, Unterwellenborn |
| cva | Eisenwerke Gesellschaft Maximilianshuette, iron mongery division, Fronberg |
| cvb | Otto Sindel, Lederwarenfabrik, Berlin |
| cvc | Zeschke Nachf. Gebr. L. Zueschner, Koffer- u. Lederwarenfabrik, Muellrose near Frankfurt on the Oder |
| cvg | Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke AG, Werk Hedderheim, Frankfurt-Hedderheim |
| cvl | WKC Waffenfabrik, Solingen Wald |
| cvs | Boeckhoff u. Co., Leer; see also 'cva'; sometimes … confused with the 'crs' mark of Paul Weyersberg |
| cvv | B. Holthaus AG, Dinklage Kreis Vechta / Oldenburg |
| cwb | Brandenburger Eisenwerke |
| cwg | Westfaelisch-Anhaltische Sprengstoff AG, Coswig plant |
| cww | Karl Weiss, Lederwarenfabrik, Braunchweig |
| cxa | Ruhrstahl AG, Stahlwerk Krieger, Duesseldorf-Oberhausen |
| cxb | Moll, Lederwarenfabrik, Goch, Rheinland |
| cxd | Maschinenfabrik Becker u. Co., Madgeburg |
| cxe | Britzer Eisenwerk Paul Szubinski, Britz Kreis Angermuende |
| cxg | Saechsische Maschinen- u. Schraubenfabrik GmbH, Leipzig |
| cxh | Kienzle Uhrenfabriken AG, Schwenningen on the Neckar |
| cxm | Gustaf Genschow u. Co., Berlin |
| cxn | Emil Busch AG, Optische Industrie, Rathenow |
| cxq | Liegnitzer Eisengiesserei u. Maschinenfabrik Teichert u. Sohn, Liegnitz |
| cxw | Ludwig Braun, Schmalkalden in Thueringen |
| cyd | Nottebohm, Luedenscheid |
| cyh | Huettenwerk Siegerland AG, Abteilung Eichener Walzwerke, Eichen Kreis Siegen |
| cyq | Metallwarenfabrik Spreewerk, Berlin-Spandau |
| cyw | Saechsische Guss-stahlwerke Doehlen AG, Stahlwerke Freital / Sachsen |
| czf | Maschinenfabrik Steubing u. Co., Berlin |
| czm | Emil Kirst, Stettin 11 |
| czn | Klaus Nueske, Stettin. Probably a misreading of 'cxn' |
| czo | Heereszeugamt, Geschosswerkstatt, Koenigsberg |
| czq | F. Schichau GmbH, Elbing, Abteilung Koenigsberg Werkstatt B, Koenigsberg in Preussen |
| czs | Brennabor Werke AG, Brandenburg |
| dah | Junkers, Dessau |
| dar | Schoenebeck AG, Schoenebeck on the Elbe |
| daz | Eisenwerke-Gesellschaft Maximilianshuette, Abteiling Maschinenfabrik Werk II, Unterwellenborn / Thueringen |
| dbg | Dynamit AG, Dueneberg Plant (formerly Alfred Nobel u. Co.) |
| dbh | Mannesmann -Roehrenwerke, Duesseldorf plant, Rath |
| dbk | Richard Rinker GmbH, Neubrandenburg in Mecklenburg |
| dc | Uta-Werkstaetten Uta u. Co., Auerbach |
| dde | Robert Larsen, Fabrik fuer Leder u. Stoffwaren, Berlin |
| ddt | SUMAK – Sueddeutsche Maschinen- u. Metallwarenfabrik Wilhelm Weckerle, Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen |
| ddx | Voigtlaender u. Sohn AG, Braunschweig |
| de | Unknown |
| dea | Frankfurter Maschinenbau, Pokorny u. Wittekind, Frankfurt |
| dec | Bleiwerk Goslar |
| dej | Schwelmer Stahl- u. Eisen-Giesserei Gustav Schubeis, Schwelm in Westfalen |
| dev | Kelle u. Hildebrandt GmbH, Niedersedlitz Bezirk Dresden |
| dfb | Gustloff Co., Waffenfabrik, Suhl |
| dgb | Georg Stamm u. Hofmann, Weidhausen bei Coburg. Often mistakenly identified with Dynamit AG (see 'dbg') |
| dgl | Louis Siegel, Sonneberg in Thueringen. Sometimes wrongly associated with Remo-Gewehrfabrik Gebr. Rempt of Suhl |
| dgz | Gebr. Boehler, Kapfenberg, Austria |
| dha | Georg von Goelln GmbH, Abteilung Stahlbau, Hannover (after 1943, 'Krupp Stahlbau, Friedrich Krupp AG, Werk Hannover') |
| dhn | Kaemper-Motoren AG, Berlin-Marienfelde |
| dhp | H. Burgsmueller, Gewehrfabrik, Kreiensen-Harz |
| djf | Draht-Bremer, Rostock, Mecklenburg |
| dkk | Friedrich Offermann u. Soehne, Lederwarenfabrik, Bensberg |
| dla | Karl Barth, Militaereffekten-Fabrik, Waldbrohl Waldbroehl, Rheinland |
| dld | Kromag, Hirtenberg, Austria |
| dlu | Ewald Luenenschloss, Militaereffekten-Fabrik, Solingen |
| dma | Herres Munitionsanstalt u. Geschosswerkstatt, Zeithain |
| dmk | Ilseder Huette, rolling mill, Peine |
| dmo | Auto-Union, Chemnitz |
| dms | Nuernberger Schraubenfabrik GmbH, Nuernberg |
| dmy | Fritz Werner, Berlin-Marienfeld |
| dn | Unknown. Found on ammunition components |
| dna | Mettmanner Britanniawarenfabrik W. Seibel, Mettmann / Rheinland (later 'W. Seibel, Metallwarenfabriken') |
| dnb | Borck u. Goldschmidt, Berlin … probably a misreading of 'dnh' |
| dnf | Rheinische-Westfaelische Sprengstoff AG, Stadeln plant near Nuernberg |
| dnh | Rheinische-Westfaelische Sprengstoff AG, Durlach plant, Baden |
| dnv | Fahr AG, Stockach |
| dnz | Apparate-Bauanstalt, August Schwer u. Soehne, Villingen, Black Forest |
| dom | Westfaelische Metall-Industrie , Lippstadt |
| dot | Waffenwerke Bruenn, Bruenn plant, Czechoslovakia |
| dou | Waffenwerke Bruenn, Bystrica, Czechoslovakia |
| dov | Waffenwerke Bruenn, Wsetin plant, Czechoslovakia |
| dow | Waffenwerke Bruenn, Prerau plant, Czechoslovakia (renamed 'Opticotechna GmbH, Werk Prerau / Protektorat' in 1943) |
| dox | Waffenwerke Bruenn, Podbrezova plant, Czechoslovakia |
| dpf | B. u. H. Reinert, Speigelau / Bayersicher Wald |
| dph | I.G. Farbenindustrie AG, Autogen plant, Frankfurt |
| dpk | Gebrueder Sachsenberg AG, Dessau-Rosslau |
| dpl | C.F. Plasser, Neheim-Huesten (after 1943 only) |
| dpm | Poldi-Huette, Komotau, Sudeten Germany |
| dps | Union-Werk AG, Mittweida, Saxony |
| dpu | C. u. F. Schlothauer, GmbH, Metallwaren, Ruhla |
| dpv | Zeiss-Ikon, Dresden |
| dpw | Zeiss-Ikon, Goerz plant, Berlin-Zehlendorf |
| dpx | Zeiss-Ikon, Stuttgart |
| drh | Gebr. Thiele GmbH, Ruhla |
| drv | Eisenhuette Tschenstochau, later HASAG-Eisen- u. Metallwerke GmbH, Tschenstochau |
| drz | Eltron, Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Theodor Stiebel, Berlin-Tempelhof |
| dsb | Alexander Beck, Schmalkalden in Thueringen |
| dsh | Ing. F. Janecek, Gewehrfabrik, Prague |
| dsj | WAMA Metallwerke Johannes Ahner, Oberlungwitz, Saxony |
| dsx | Roechling-Buderus, Wetzlar |
| dta | A. Waldhausen, Inh. M. Bruchmann, Sattler u. Kofferfabrik, Cologne |
| dtf | Elektro-Feinmechanische Werke Preh, Bad-Neustadt / Saale |
| dtu | G.J. Ensink u. Co., Spezialfabrik fuer Militaerausruestung, Ohrdruf, Thuringia |
| dtv | C. Otto Gehrckens, Leder- u. Riemenwerke, Pinneberg |
| dun | Poldihuette, Kladno plant, Czechoslovakia |
| dut | Spindel- u. Spinnfluegelfabrik AG, Neudorf |
| duv | Berliner-Luebecker Maschinenfabrik, Luebeck plant |
| dvc | Adolf Knoch AG, Saalfeld |
| dvr | Johann Froehlich, Lederwarenfabrik, Vienna |
| dvu | F. Schichau GmbH, Elbing |
| dvw | Schoeller u. Co., Frankfurt am Main |
| dwc | Dr. Ing. Boehme u. Co., Werksleitung Luedenscheid, Werk Minden in Westfalen |
| dwm | Liefergemeinschaft Dornbirn, Ludwig Rigger, Dornbirn. Often mistakenly identified with the well-known DWM trademark of Deutsche Waffen- u. Mumitionsfabriken of Berlin. |
| dxs | August Thyssen-Huette AG, Duisburg-Hamborn |
| dye | Erste Alpenlaendische Pyrotechnikfabrik Ed. Pitschmann u. Co., Innsbruck |
| dym | Runge u. Kaulfuss, Rathenow |
| dyq | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke AG, Werdohl plant |
| dza | Bleiwerke Dr. Schuelcke, Hamburg |
| dzl | Optische Anstalt Oigee, Berlin-Schoeneberg |
| dzw | Metallwerke v. Galkowsky u. Kielblock, Finow |
| eaf | Mechanoptik-Gesellschaft fuer Praezisionstechnik, Aude u. Reipe, Babelsberg |
| eah | Stahlwerke Brueninghaus AG, Werdohl |
| eak | Deutsche Werke Kiel AG |
| ean | Lippstaedter Eisen- u. Metallwerke, Lippstadt |
| eba | Scharfenberg u. Teubert GmbH, Metallwarenfabrik, Breitungen |
| ebd | Fatra AG, Napajedl / Maehren |
| ebf | Huettenwerke Siegerland, Charlottenhuette plant, Niederschelden |
| ebk | Maschinenbau u. Bahnbedarf AG, formerly Orenstein u. Koppel, Werk Spandau and Werk Babelsberg (after c. 1943 only) |
| eca | Oskar Fischer GmbH, Markdorf in Baden |
| ecc | Oskar Luenig, Pyrotechnische Fabrik, Moehringen |
| ecd | Carl Lippold, Pyrotechnische Fabrik, Wuppertal-Elberfeld |
| ecv | Vogel u. Schlegel GmbH, Dresden |
| edg | J.A. Henckels, Zwillingswerke, Solingen |
| edk | Auto-Union AG, Zschopau plant, Saxony |
| edq | Deutsche Waffen- u. Munitionsfabriken AG, Luebeck- Schlutup |
| edr | Sachsenwerk Licht u. Kraft AG, Radeberg |
| eds | Zuendappwerke GmbH, Nuernberg |
| edw | Karl Metzler GmbH, Iserlohn |
| edy | Gebr. Mueller, Luchenwalde |
| eea | H. Weihrauch, Zella-Mehlis |
| edz | Pickhardt u. Gerlach GmbH, Werdohl in Westfalen |
| eec | Gebr. Buehler Nachfolger, Triberg |
| eed | Kuerbi u. Niggeloh, Radevormwald in Rheinprueussen … sometimes mistakenly confused with Weihrauch ('eea') |
| eef | X. Heine u. Sohn, Voehrenbach |
| eeg | Schuerhoff u. Co., Gevelsberg … possibly confused with 'eea' and/or 'eeo' |
| eeh | F. Soennecken, Bonn |
| eej | Maerkisches Walzwerk, Staussberg, district Potsdam |
| eek | Deutsche Star-Kugelhalter GmbH, Schweinfurt |
| eel | Metallwarenfabrik vormals H. Wissner AG, Werk Brotterode / Hessen-Nassau |
| eem | Selve-Kronbiegel, Dornheim AG, Munitionsfabrik, Soemmerda, Saxony |
| eeo | Deutsche Waffe- u. Minitionsfabriken AG, Posen plant |
| eet | Ulmer Schraubenfabrik C. Rauch, Ulm an der Donau |
| eeu | Lieferungsgemeinschaft westthueringische Werkzeug- u. Metallwarenfabriken GmbH, Schmalkalden in Thueringen |
| eev | Fr. Braun, Tembach-Dietharz / Thueringen |
| eey | Metallwarenfabrik Treuenbrietzen GmbH, Roederhof plant |
| egy | Ing. Fr. August Pfeffer, Oberlind, Thuringia |
| eh | Trierer Walzwerk AG, Burg Bezirk Magdeburg |
| eky | Volkswagenwerk, Wolfsburg |
| elg | Westfaelisch-Anhaltische Sprengstoff AG, Werk Elsnig |
| emh | Georg Allgaier, Uhingen in Wuerttemberg |
| emj | Adalbert Fischer, Berlin |
| emp | Dynamit AG, Empelde plant |
| emq | Willi Stiefeling, Berlin … note: often identified wtih Carl Zeiss and Zeiss-Ikon, for whom Stiefeling may have been a sub-contractor. |
| emu | Friedrich Meuthe GmbH, Schwenningen am Neckar |
| enc | G. Eckhardt, Leipzig |
| enz | Gebr. Boehler u. Co. AG, Werk Enzesfeld / Niederdonau |
| eom | H. Huch, Metallwarenfabrik, Nuernberg |
| eov | Mueller-Schlenker Uhrenfabrik, Schwenningen am Neckar |
| eox | Jahresuhrenfabrik GmbH, August Schatz u. Soehne, Triberg / Schwarzwald |
| epf | Interessengemeinschaft fuer Bergbau u. Huettenbetrieb AG, Betriebsgruppe Bismarckhuette, Huettenwerk Falvahuette in Schwientochlowitz, Kreis Kattowitz, later 'Koenigs- u. Bismarckhuette AG |
| eqf | Karl Boecker, Lederwarenfabrik, Waldbroehl, Rheinland |
| erg | A. Doeppert, Treibriemenfabrik (driving belt mfr.), Kitzingen |
| erm | Possibly W.G. Dinkelmeyer of Nuernberg |
| ern | W.G. Dinkelmeyer, Werk Koetzling |
| erv | Fritz Hofmann GmbH, Erlangen |
| eso | Optische Werke G. Rodenstock, Munich |
| etb | Steubing u. Co., Graslitz, Sudeten, Germany |
| etl | Krieger u. Faudt, Berlin |
| ety | Ringsdorf-Werke KG, Mehlem-Rhein |
| eue | Otto Reichel, Inh. Rudolf Fischer, Lederwarenfabrik, Lengfeld, Erzgebirge |
| eug | Optische Praezisionswerke GmbH, Warsaw, Poland |
| euh | C. u. W. Meinel-Scholer, Klingenthal in Sachsen |
| eun | Rana-Werke, Rudolf Danhardt, Klardorf in Oberpfalz |
| euo | Oskar R. Mehlhorn GmbH, Schweinsburg in Plauen |
| evv | F.A. Anger u. Sohn, Joehstadt in Sachsen |
| evz | Bergbau AG, Salzgitter |
| ews | Akteingesellschaft vorm. Skodawerke, Werk Koeniggraetz |
| ewx | Franz u. Karl Voegels, Lederwarenfabrik, Cologne |
| exd | Auto-Union, Audi plant, Zwickau in Sachsen |
| exp | Landes-Lieferungsgenossenschaft des Tischlerhandwerks im Landeshandwerksmeister-BezirkWestfalen GmbH, Dortmund |
| exq | Clemens Kreher GmbH, Marienberg in Sachsen |
| exs | Union Gesellschaft fuer Metallindustrie, Sils, van de Loo u. Co., Hameln (Weser). |
| exw | Metallwerke Holleischen, Kreis Mies, Sudeten Germany |
| exx | Semprex-Werk, Reutenhau Post Winkelsdorf / Nord Maehren |
| eyd | Heidenreich u. Harbeck, Hamburg |
| fa | Mansfdel AG, Hettstedt, Suedharz |
| faa | Deutsche Waffen- u. Munitionsfabriken AG, Karlsruhe |
| fb | Mansfeld AG, Rothenburg plant, Saale |
| fc | Mansfeld AG, Alstedt plant, Thuringia |
| fck | Rietberg-Werke, Rietberg in Westfalen |
| fco | Sendlinger Optische Glaswerke GmbH, Berlin-Zehlendorf |
| fcv | Schmidt, Kranz u. Co., Nordhaeuser Maschinenfabrik AG, Nordhausen |
| fd | Stolberger Metallwerke AG (formerly Asten, Lynen u. Schleicher), Stolberg |
| fde | Dynamit AG (formerly A. Nobel u. Co.), Foerde plant |
| fe | Unknown |
| fee | Augsburger Waagenfabrik, Ludwig Pfisterer, Augsburg |
| feh | Maschinenfabrik Donauwoerth GmbH, Donauwoerth |
| fer | Metallwerke Wandhofen, Schwerte, Westphalia |
| feu | Krone Presswerke GmbH, Berlin |
| ffo | Maschinenfabrik Tannwald, Tannwald / Sudentegau (renamed 'Tannenwalder Textilwerke AG' in 1943) |
| fko | Bernhard Bruns, Bad Zwischenahn in Oldenburg |
| fkx | Gustav Sudbrack, Lederwaren u. Gamaschenfabrik, Bielefeld |
| flp | Heintze u. Blankertz, Erste Deutsche Stahlfederfabrik, Werk Oranienburg bei Berlin |
| fnh | Boehmische Waffenfabrik, Strakonitz plant, Prague |
| fnk | Adolf Hopf AG, Tambach-Dietharz in Thueringen |
| fnq | Roetelmann u. Co .KG, Werdohl in Westfalen |
| fpx | Schaeffer u. Budenberg, Magdeburg-Buchau |
| fqn | Vereinigte Leichtmetallwerke, Hannover-Linden |
| fra | Himmen u. Stosberg, Gravieranstalt, Remscheid |
| frp | Stahlwerke Harkort -Eicken GmbH, Hagen, Westphalia |
| fsx | Albin Scholle, Lederwarenfabrik, Zeitz |
| ftc | Frost u. Jaehnel, Breslau, Czechoslovakia |
| ftf | Vereinigte Cartonnagenfabriken Meyer u. Co., Magdeburg |
| fue | Aktiengesellschaft, formerly Skodawerke, Werk Dubnica |
| fuu | Wilh. Strube GmbH, subsidiary of Polte, Magdeburg |
| fva | Draht- u. Metallwarenfabrik GmbH, Salzwedel |
| fwh | Norddeutsche Maschinenfabrik GmbH, main office, Berlin |
| fwr | Optische Anstalt Sallfeld GmbH, Saalfeld |
| fwz | Eisen- u. Emaillierwerke Wilhelmshuette (iron and enamel works), Sprottau-Wilhelmshuette |
| fxa | Assmann, formerly E. u. K. Assmann GmbH, Eisenach (chassis plant) |
| fxo | C.G. Haenel, Waffen- u. Fahrradfabrik, Suhl |
| fxp | Hans Kollmorgen, Optische Anstalt, Berlin |
| fyd | Aktiengesellschaft, formerly Skodawerke, Adamsthal plant |
| fze | Waffenfabrik Hoeller, Solingen |
| fzs | Waffenfabrik Heinrich Krieghoff, Suhl |
| ga | Hirsch, Kupfer- u. Messingwerk AG, Finow |
| gal | Wagner u. Co. GmbH, Muehlhausen in Thueringen |
| gaq | Otto Stephan, Leder- u. Lederwarenfabrik, Muehlhausen |
| gau | Heinrich Sudhaus u. Soehne, Iserlohn |
| gb | Vereinigte Deutsche Nickelwerke AG, formerly Westfaelisches Nickelwalzwerke Fleitmann, Witte u. Co., Schwerte / Ruhr |
| gbc | J.D. Reidel-E. de Haagen AG, Berlin-Britz |
| gbd | Hugo Bauer, Solingen-Wald |
| gbv | Ewald Witte u. Co., Velbert |
| gcd | Gust. Imhaeuser, Olpe / Westfalen |
| gcw | Goehring-Hebenstreit, Radebeul near Dresden |
| gcx | Ing. Karl Brettschneider, Maehrisch-Schoenberg |
| gcy | L.O. Dietrich, Vesta-Naehmaschinenwerke, Altenburg in Thueringen |
| geu | Kuhbier u. Co., Praezisionspressstuecke (precision stampings), Wipperfuerth |
| gfg | Karl Hepting u. Co., Leder- u. Guertelfabrik, Stuttgart |
| ggb | I.G. Koenigshuette u. Laurahuette, Kattowitz, main office, Roechling, Koenigshuette, OS |
| ggk | Aktiengesellschaft fuer Cartonnagenindustrie, Dresden |
| ghf | Fritz Kiess u. Co., GmbH, Waffenfabrik, Suhl |
| ghp | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke AG, Krefeld, usually mistakenly identified with 'Ruf u. Co., Optische Anstalt, Kassel |
| ghx | Gebr. Baldauf GmbH, Marienberg / Erzgebirge |
| gil | Sometimes claimed to represent 'Auto-Union, Werk Spandau, this is a misreading of 'gll'. |
| gjd | Papier- u. Kartonnagen-Fabrik Richard Popper, Inh. Willy Dietzel, Prag |
| gjh | Rudolf Conte, Nachf. Theodor Seibod, Fabrik fuer Lederwaren, Offenbach on the Main |
| gjk | Budde u. Co., Otto, Stueckfaerberei u. Apreturanstalt, Wueppertal |
| gk | Mansfeld AG, Hettstedt, Suedharz |
| gll | Auto-Union AG, Werk Spandau, Berlin |
| gmo | Rahm u. Kampmann, Lederwarenfabrik, Kaiserslautern plant |
| gn | Aug. Wellner, Aue, Saxony |
| gon | August Ruppel, Marktheidenfeld |
| gpe | Hugo Aurig GmbH, Engelsdorf |
| gpt | Gustav Bittner, Weipert / Sudetengau |
| gqm | Loch u. Hartenberger, Idar-Oberstein |
| grk | H. Pohl, Leipzig |
| grz | Gebr. Krueger, Lederwarenfabrik, Breslau, Czechoslovakia |
| gsb | SA del Ateliers de la Dyle, Louvain, Belgium |
| gsc | S. A. Belge des Mecanique et de l'Armemente, Monceau-sur-Sambre, Belgium |
| gtb | J.F. Eisfeld GmbH, Pulver- u. Pyrotechnische Fabriken, Guentersberge plant |
| gug | Ungarische Optische Werke AG, Budabest, Hungary |
| guj | Werner D. Kuehn, Optische Industrie, Berlin-Steglitz |
| gum | Bergisch-Maerkisches Eisenwerk, Velbert, Rheinland |
| gut | Walter Schuermann u. Co., Lederwarenfabrik, Bielefeld |
| guy | Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oelikon, Buehrle u. Co., Zurich, Switzerland |
| gvj | Ruhrstahl AG, Gelsenkirchen |
| gvm | Staeding u. Meysel Nachfolger, Inh. C. u. H. Weeren, Niedersedlitz / Sachsen |
| gxx | Stepper u. Co., Hamburg |
| gxy | Gebr. Klinge, Lederwarenfabrik, Dresden- Loebtau |
| gyf | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke, Bochum plant |
| gyo | Hans Dinkelmaeyer, Lederwarenfabrik, Nuernberg |
| gyu | Gebr. Michera, Prag |
| gyx | Elektro-Mechanik GmbH, Reichenberg |
| gyy | Gladitz GmbH, Schwaebisch-Gmuend |
| gyz | Steatit-Magnesia AG, Dralowid-Werk, Teltow |
| gzf | Wilhelm Schellmann, Moebel-Fabrik, Vlotho-Bonneberg |
| ha | Wielandwerke AG, Metallhalbfabrikate, Ulm |
| ham | Dynamit AG (formerly A. Nobel u. Co.), Hamm plant |
| has | Pulverfabrik Hasloch, Hasloch on the Main |
| hbg | Alfred Schwarz AG, Metallwerk Froedenburg on the Ruhr, Eisenach plant |
| hbu | Heinrich List, Elektrotechnik u. Mechanik, Teltow u. Steglitz |
| hck | Georg A. Lerch GmbH, Lederwaren u. Stanzwerk, Berlin |
| hdk | Eugen Zerver, Remscheid-Reinshagen |
| hdt | Maerkischer Metallbau, Oranienburg |
| hdv | Optische Werk Osterrode GmbH, Osterrode, Harz |
| hen | Ernst Beutler, Lahr-Dinglingen in Baden |
| hew | Ing. F. Janecek, Waffenwerke, Prague |
| hft | H. Becker u. Co., GmbH, Militaer- u. Feuerwehrausruestungen, Berlin |
| hgs | W. Gustav Burmester, Pyrotechnische Fabrik u. Signalmittelwerk, Hamburg |
| hgu | Friedenauer Technische Werkstaette GmbH, Berlin-Friedenau |
| hhc | Union Gesellschaft fuer Metallindustrie, Sils van de Loo u. Co., Froedenberg plant |
| hhg | Rheinmetall-Borsig AG, Tegel plant |
| hhj | Gebr. Thiel-Seebach GmbH, Ruhla / Thringen |
| hhr | Joseph Schwarz Sohn, Freilassing / Oberbayern |
| hhu | H.A. Erbe AG, Schmalkalden in Thueringen |
| hhv | Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG, Nibelungen plant, St. Valentin, Austria |
| hhw | Metallwerke Silberhuette GmbH, Andreasberg, Harz |
| hhx | M. Boehme, Grosshartmannsdorf in Sachsen |
| hhy | Louis Ulbricht, Rosenthal / Erzgebirge |
| hhz | Roechlingsche Eisen- u. Stalhwerke GmbH, Eisenwerkhuette, Voelkingen |
| hjg | Kimnach u. Brunn, Fabrik fuer Heeresausruestung, Kaiserslautern |
| hjh | Karl Ackva, Lederfabrik, Bad Kreuznach |
| hkm | Karl Braun AG KG, Optische Industrie, Nuernberg |
| hla | Metallwarenfabrik Treuenbrietzen GmbH, Sebaldushof plant |
| hlb | Metallwarenfabrik Treuenbrietzen GmbH, Selterhof plant |
| hlc | Zieh- u. Stanzwerk (wire pulling and stamping), Schleusingen |
| hld | C.F. Esser, Koeln |
| hle | Lilpop, Rau u. Loewenstein AG, Warschau |
| hlu | Gesellschaft zur Verwertung chemischer Erzeugnisse mbH, Werk Hessisch-Lichtenau |
| hlv | Maury u. Co., Lederwarenfabrik, Offenbach on the Main |
| hly | Krafft u. Schuell, Dueren, a misrepresentation of 'hlv' |
| hnx | H. Walter KG, Kiel, Kiel plant and Tannenberg plant |
| hre | C.W. Motz u. Co., Brandenburg an der Havel |
| hrk | Schluermann u. Co. GmbH, Hemer in Westfalen |
| hrl | Albert Ackermann Nachfolger, Pich u. Schulte, Iserlohn in Westfalen |
| hrn | Presswerk GmbH, Metgethen, East Prussia |
| hta | Dr. Koenig u. Co., Wien |
| htg | Polte Armaturen- u. Maschinenfabriken AG, Duderstadt plant, Westphalia |
| htl | Fritz Wengels, Berlin |
| htq | Gebr. Junghans AG, Schwenningen plant |
| hwd | Westfaelisch-Anhaltische Sprengstoff AG, Herrenwald plant |
| i | Elite Diamantwerke AG, Siegmar-Schoenau bei Chemnitz |
| j | Gebr. Langer, Schrauben-, Metallwaren- u. Federnfabrik, Chemnitz |
| ja | R. u. G. Schmoele, Menden |
| jan | Deutsche Versuchsanstalt fuer Luftfahrt, Berlin-Alderhof |
| jba | A. Wunderlich Nachf., Fabrik fuer Heeresausruestung, Berlin-Neukoelln |
| jfp | Dr. Karl Leiss, Optische Mechanische Instrumente, Berlin-Steglitz |
| jfs | Junkers Flugzeug- u. Motorenwerke AG, Zweigwerk Koethen |
| jhg | Gustav Genschow u. Co., AG, Lederwarenfabriken, Alstadt-Hachenburg |
| jhv | Metallwaren, Waffen- u. Maschinenfabrik AG, Budapest, Hungary |
| jkg | Koenigl. Ungar. Staatliche Eisen-, Stahl- u. Maschinenfabrik, Budapest |
| jkh | Karl Busse, Ausruestungsgegenstaende, Mainz |
| jlj | Heeres Zeugamt, Ingolstadt |
| jln | Deutsche Lederwerkstaetten GmbH, Pirmasens |
| jme | Armeemarinehaus Berlin, Berlin-Charlottenburg |
| jmh | Heinrich Kopp, Inh. Theodor Simoneit, Sonneberg in Thueringen |
| jnh | F. Tuetemann, Luedenscheid / Westfalen |
| jnk | Continental Gummiwerke AG, Hannover |
| jnw | Eisenwerke Steele, Essen-Steele |
| joa | Dresdner Koffer- u. Taschenfabrik, Karl Heinichen, Dresden |
| jrr | Gebr. Junghans, Renchen plant, Baden |
| jrs | Gebr. Junghans, branch office, Vienna |
| jry | Hermann Herold, Olbernhau-Gruenthal / Sachsen |
| jsd | Gustav Reinhardt, Lederwarenfabrik, Berlin |
| jse | Metallwerke Zoeblitz AG, Zoeblitz |
| jtb | S.A. Tavaro, Ghent, Belgium |
| jtt | Wezel u. Naumann AG, Leipzig |
| jua | Danuvia Waffen- u. Munitionsfabriken AG, Budapest, Hungary |
| jut | Vereinigte Wiener Metallwerke, Vienna |
| jvb | Wessel u. Mueller, Luckenwalde |
| jvd | Erste Nordboehmische Metallwarenfabrik, Adolf Roessler, Niedereinsiedel, Sudetenland |
| jve | Optische Werke Ernst Ludwig, Weixdorf, Anhalt, Saxony |
| jvf | Wilhelm Brand, Treibriemenfabrik, Heidelberg |
| jwa | Moritz Stecher, Lederwerk, Freiburg |
| jwh | Manufacture Nationale [Staatliche Waffenfabrik], Chatellerault, France |
| k | Firma Luch u. Wagner, Suhl |
| ka | Gerhardi u. Co., Inh. K. Steinweg, Dr. H. Steinweg u. R. Neuerbourg, Luedenscheid, Westphalia |
| kam | Hugo Schneider AG, Werk Skarzysko Kamienna, Poland (from c. 1943 [lt. 7. Nachtrag], 'HASAG Eiwen- u. Metallwerke GmbH') |
| kaw | Weber u. Niezel, Dresden |
| kbg | Erwin Backhaus, Remscheid |
| kce | Schneider u. Co., Le Creusot, France |
| kdj | Ungarische Metallplattenindustrie AG, Budapest |
| keb | Jiranek u. Co., Inh. Wenzel Jiranek, Bruenn |
| kfa | Staatliches Arsenal, Sarajevo, Yugoslavia |
| kfb | Gesellschaft zur Verwertung chemischer Erzeugnisse mbH, Werk Kaufbeuren |
| kfg | Gesellschaft zur Verwertung chemischer Erzeugnisse mbH, Werk Kaufering. Sometimes mistakenly listed as 'Yugoslavian state arsenal, Sarajevo ('kfa') |
| kfk | DISA – Dansk Industri Syndikat AS 'Madsen', Kopenhagen |
| kjj | Askania Werke AG, Berlin-Friedenau |
| kjl | Graphische Werke Saarbruecken AG, Saarbruecken |
| kkd | Wilhelm Stern, Lederwarenfabrik, Posen |
| kkn | Papierwerke Adolf Brandt AG, Eulau ueber Bodenbach |
| klb | J.F. Eisfeld GmbH, Kieselbach plant |
| kle | Josef Junker, Berlin |
| klg | Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken, Hilversum |
| kls | Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG, Warsaw plant, Poland |
| koz | H.W. Casack u. Co., Froendeberg / Ruhr |
| kqd | Gebr. Junghans, Montagestelle, Exbruecke, Elsass |
| krd | Lignose AG, Werk Kriewald (renamed ['lt.8.Nachtrag'] 'Sprengstoffwerke Oberschlesien Gmbh' in c. 1943) |
| krg | Emil Nitzsche Moebelfabrik, Boehmisch Kamnitz / Sudetengau … Often mistakenly associated with Emil Busch Optische Industrie ('krq') |
| krj | Messerschmidt, Augsburg |
| krl | Dynamit AG (formerly Alfred Nobel u. Co.), Kruemmel plant, Koblenz |
| krq | Emil Busch AG, Optische Werke, Rathenow, Brandenburg |
| kru | Lignose Sprengstoffwerke GmbH, Kruppamuehle plant |
| kry | F.A. Sening, Hamburg, sometimes misread as 'kru' |
| ksb | Manufacture Nationale d'Armes de Levallois, Levallois, Paris |
| ksm | Gebr. Junghans, Braunau plant, Sudeten, Germany |
| ktz | Deutsche Sprengchemie, Klietz plant |
| kum | Hartmann u. Braun AG, Frankfurt am Main, sometimes confused with 'kun' |
| kun | J.F. Eisfeld GmbH, Werk Kunigunde |
| kur | Steyr-Daimler Puch AG, Werk Graz |
| kus | Fuellnerwerk GmbH, Bad Warmbruenn in Schlesien. Changed c. 1943 ('lt. 7. Nachtrag') to 'Doerris Fuellner-Maschinenfabriken AG' |
| kvu | Rudolf Fissler KG, Idar-Oberstein |
| kwc | Gamma Feinmechanische u. Optische Werke, Budapest |
| kwe | Herdfabrik Scholtes, Diedenhofen in Westmark, sometimes misread as 'kwc' |
| kwm | Fiat SA, Turin, Italy |
| kwn | Donau-Flugzeugbau AG, Csepel-Budapest, sometimes confused with 'kwm' |
| kye | Ernst Hilker u. Co., Detmold, sometimes misread as 'kyn' or 'kyo' |
| kyn | Astra, Kronstadt (Ruemanien). Renamed in c. 1943 ['lt.7.Nachtrag'], 'Astra, Fabrica Romana de Vagoae, Motoane, Arm ament si Munitiuni, Brasov' |
| kyo | Voina, Kronstadt (Ruemanien). Renamed in c. 1943 ['lt.7.Nachtrag'], 'Intreprinderil e Metalurgie, Dumitru Voina, Societate Anonima Romana, Fabrica de Armament, Brasov' |
| kyp | Rogifor, Bukarest (Ruemanien). Subsequently renamed 'Rumaenisch-Deutsche Industrie- u. Handels AG, Bukarest' |
| kza | Emil Niethammer, Stuttgart-Vaihingen |
| kzn | Kienzle Uhrenfabrik GmbH, Dammerkirch plant |
| kzu | Thonet u. Mundus, Bistritz am Harz |
| l | Astrafabrik, Chemnitz |
| la | Duerener Metallwerke, Dueren |
| lac | Zuchthaus Coswig, Anhalt. |
| lae | Heinrich Zeiss, Gastingen |
| lax | Lennewerk GmbH, Altena |
| ldb | Sprengstoff u. pyrotechnische Fabriken vorm. Lechfeld u. Depyfag GmbH, Werk Berlin-Malchow |
| ldc | Sprengstoff u. pyrotechnische Fabriken vorm. Lechfeld u. Depyfag GmbH, Werk Cleebronn (Deutsche Pyrotechnische-Fabrik from 1943 onward) |
| ldn | Sprengstoff u. pyrotechnische Fabriken vorm. Lechfeld u. Depyfag GmbH, Werk Neumarkt / Oberpfalz |
| ldo | Heinrich Schumacher u. Co., Inh. August Jockers, Gruenstadt |
| lge | Kugelfabrik Schulte u. Co., Tente, Rheinland |
| lgs | Chr. Weiersmueller KG, Nuernberg O. |
| ljp | Karl Knauer KG, Lettingen bei Urach |
| lkc | Ernst Fischer, Wolfenbuettel |
| lkm | Munitionsfabriken (formerly Sellier u. Bellot), Veitsberg plant, Prague |
| lmg | Hermann Detjen, Bad Muenster am Deister |
| lmq | Carl Zeiss, Jena |
| lpk | Servotechna AG, Prag |
| ltm | Gebr. G. u. H. Rosner, Litzmannstadt |
| lwg | Optische Werke Osterrode GmbH, Freiheit near Osterrode |
| lww | Huet u. Cie., Paris |
| lwx | O.P.L. Optique et Precision de Levallois, Levallois, Paris |
| lwy | Societe d' Optique et Mechanique de Haute Precision, Paris |
| lyf | Metallurgia Werke AG, Radomeko, Poland |
| lza | Mauser-Werke AG, Karlsruhe plant |
| ma | Metallwerke F.A. Lange AG, Aue, Saxony |
| mdr | Vereinigte Leichtmetallwerke, Bonn |
| mhk | Metallwerke Schwarzwald AG, Villingen |
| mhv | Finow Kupfer- u. Messingwerke AG, Finow |
| mjr | Union Gesellschaft fuer Met. Ind., Sils van de Loo u. Co., Thorn plant |
| mkf | Trierer Walzwerk AG, Wuppertal-Langerfeld |
| ml | Unidentified, reportedly found on small arms |
| mnf | VDM-Luftfahrtwerke AG Heddernheim, Frankfurt on the Main |
| mng | VDM-Luftfahrtwerke AG Heddernheim, Frankfurt on the Main |
| moc | Johan Springer's Erben, Gewehrfabrikanten, Vienna |
| mog | Deutsche Sprengchemie, Moschwig plant |
| moo | Kloeckner-Werke AG, Duesseldorf plant |
| moz | Eisenwerk Gesellschaft Maximilanshuette, Maxhuette-Haidhof |
| mpp | Metallwerk K. Leibfried, Boeblingen, Sindelfingen plant |
| mpr | S.A. Hispano Suiza, Geneva, Switzerland |
| mpu | Wlaschimer Mascinenfabrik GmbH, Prag |
| mpv | Schmolz u. Bickenbach, Neuss plant, Duesseldorf |
| mpy | Klockner-Werke AG, Georgsmarienhuette Osnabrueck |
| mrb | Aktiengesellschaft vorm. Skodawerke, Werk Prag-Smichow |
| mrd | Huettenwerke Siegerland, Wissen |
| mrf | Fr. Krupp, Berthawerk AG, Breslau |
| mws | Kabelwerk Wagner KG, Wuppertal |
| myx | Rheinmetall-Borsig AG, Soemmerda plant |
| na | Westfaelische Kupfer- u. Messingwerke AG, Luedenscheid, Westphalia |
| nas | Gebr. Junghans AG, Schramberg, Black Forest |
| nb | Unknown |
| nbe | Hasag, Eisen- u. Metallwerke GmbH, Tschenstochau plant |
| nbh | Friedr. Krupp AG, Essen, Werk Mariupol / Ukraine |
| nbr | Metallwarenfabrik Hubert Pruente, Neheim-Huesten |
| ncr | Krupp-Germaniawerft, Kiel-Gaarden |
| ndn | Heinrich Bluecher, Fabrik techn. Buersten, Spremberg |
| ndr | Fried. Krupp, Essen |
| nea | Walther Steiner, Eisenkonstruktionen, Suhl |
| nec | Waffenwerke Bruenn AG, V Gurein plant, Prague |
| ned | Fried. Krupp, Essen |
| nfw | Berlin-Neuroder Kunstanstalten AG, Berlin |
| nfx | Rheinisch-Westfaelische Munitionsfabriken GmbH, plants in Warsaw and Prague |
| ngk | Luftfahrt-Apparatebau GmbH, Berlin |
| nhr | Rheinmetall-Borsig AG, Soemmerda plant |
| nmn | Koenigs- u. Bismarckhuette AG, Walzwerk Bismarckhuette-OS (rolling mill) |
| nn | Unidentified |
| nrh | Johannsen u. Ziegner, Oranienburg |
| ntf | Metzenauer u. Jung, Werk Gross-Heilendorf in Ostsudetenland |
| nwk | Heinrich List, Rheinau, Elsass |
| nxc | Jan Hubalek, Prag |
| nxr | Anschuetz u. Co., Kiel-Neumuehlen |
| nyv | Rheinmetall-Borsig AG, Unterluess plant |
| nyw | Gustloff-Werke, Otto Eberhard, Meinigen plant |
| oa | Eduard Hueck, Metallwalzwerk, Luedenscheid |
| oao | Albert von Heede, Priorei |
| obn | Hanseatische Apparatebau-Gesellschaft, Neufeld u. Kuhnke GmbH, Reichenbach plant |
| ocw | Heinrich List, Berlin-Steglitz |
| odg | Deutsche Sprengchemie GmbH, Oderberg plant |
| oes | Karl Diehl, Peterswaldau |
| ols | Union Ges. fuer Metallindustrie, Sils van de Loo, Auschwitz plant |
| ona | Boulonnerei Calibree, Valence |
| oss | Gebr. Bachert, Karlsruhe-Muehlburg |
| oxo | Teuto-Metallwerke GmbH, Osnabrueck |
| oyd | Harburger Gummiwarenfabrik Phoenix AG, Werk Prag-Sabechtlitz |
| oyj | Ateliers de Construction de Tarbes, France |
| p | Polte Armaturen- u. Maschinenfabrik AG, Magdeburg, later renamed 'Polte-Werke'. Also sometimes mistakenly identified with 'Ruhrstahl AG, Brackwede' |
| pcdp | See 'p' and 'cdp' separately |
| pjj | Staatliche Munitionsfabrik, Kopenhagen |
| pla | Unknown |
| pmf | Unknown |
| pmq | Allegedly 'Gevelot, Paris' – Societe Francaise des Munitions, Paris |
| pmt | Unknown |
| pmu | Unknown |
| pvf | Optische Werke . C. Reichert, Vienna |
| pyy | Unknown |
| qa | William Prym, Stollberg, Rheinland |
| qlv | Unknown |
| qnw | Unknown |
| qrb | Pirotecnico di Bologna, Italy |
| qve | Karl Walther, Zella-Mehlis, Thuringia |
| r | Westfaelische-Anhaltische Sprengstoff AG, Reinsdorf plant |
| ra | Deutsche Messingwerke, C. Eveking AG, Berlin-Niederschoenweide |
| rde | Unknown |
| rdf | Westfaelische-Anhaltische Sprengstoff AG, Werk Reinsdorf |
| rfo | Unknown |
| rhs | Rheinmetall-Borsig AG, Soemmerda |
| rln | Karl Zeiss, Jena |
| rtl | Unknown |
| s | Dynamit AG (formerly A. Nobel u. Co.), Lambrecht plant |
| sb | Pre-1939 trademark of Sellier & Bellot in Prague |
| sgx | Believed to be a subsidiary of E. & F. Hoerster, Solingen (see also 'asw' |
| she | Unknown |
| sta | Rheinische_Westfaelische Sprengstoff AG, Stadeln bei Nuernberg. |
| suk | Believed to be a subsidiary of the Karlsruhe-Durlach factory of Deutsche Waffen- u. Munitionsfabriken |
| sup | Unknown |
| svw | Mauser-Werke, Oberndorf on the Neckar |
| swp | An unidentified subsidiary of Waffenwerke Bruenn AG, Bruenn, Czechoslovakia |
| t | Dynamit AG, Troisdorf plant |
| ta | Duerener Metallwerke AG, Berlin-Borsigwalde |
| thg | Allegedly used on ammunition made by Polte-Werkem AG in Duderstadt |
| tjk | Unknown |
| tko | Unknown |
| tpk | Unknown |
| tpn | Unknown |
| tvw | Unknown |
| ua | Osnabruecker Kupfer- u. Drahtwerke AG, Osnabrueck |
| unt | Unknown |
| uxa | Unknown |
| va | Kabel- u. Metallwerke Neumeyer AG, Nuernberg |
| vs | Unknown |
| w | Gesellschaft zur Verwertung Chem. Erzeugnisse, Wolfratshausen plant |
| wa | Hasag, Hugo Schneider AG, Abteilung Lampenfabrik, Leipzig |
| wb | Hugo Schneider AG, Berlin-Koepenick |
| wc | Hasag, Hugo Schneider AG, Meuselwitz plant, Thuringia |
| wd | Hasag, Hugo Schneider AG, Taucha plant |
| we | Hasag, Hugo Schneider AG, Langewiesen plant |
| wf | Hasag, Hugo Schneider AG, Kielce plant, Poland |
| wg | Hasag, Hugo Schneider AG, Altenburg plant |
| wh | Hasag, Hugo Schneider AG, Eisenach plant |
| wj | Hasag, Hugo Schneider AG, Oberweissbach plant |
| wk | Hasag, Hugo Schneider AG, Schlieben plant |
| wm | Hasag, Hugo Schneider AG, Dermbach plant, Thuringia |
| wn | Hasag, Hugo Schneider AG, Dermbach plant, Thuringia |
| wtf | Unknown |
| x | Possibly used by Rheinisch-Westfaelische Sprengstoff |
| xa | Busch u. Jaeger, Luedenscheider Metallwerke, Luedenscheid |
| y | Jagdpatronen, Zuendhuetchen- u. Metallwarenfabrik AG, Nagyteteny plant, Budapest. |
| ya | Saechsische Metallwarenfabrik, August Wellner u. Sohn, Aue, Saxony |
| z | Waffenwerke Bruenn AG, Povaska Bystrica |
| zb | Kupferwerk Ilsenburg AG, Ilsenburg, Harz |
Sports Card Rookies in Boxes and Packs
I’ve curated a list of boxes and packs that contain Rookie cards that might be worth collecting, saving, and flipping.
Sports Card Rookie Boxes
2024 Panini Prizm WNBA Blasters (and probably other boxes)
This comes in two types. One that says Ice Prizm, which isn’t worth as much –
And one that says WNBA Logo Prizm, which was some kind of Dick’s Sporting Goods exclusive? This one is worth almost 2.5 times more compared to the Ice Prizm
Other boxes include –
- 2018 Bowman Baseball Mega Box (Shohei Ohtani 1st Card/RC)
- 2023/24 Topps Chrome UEFA Soccer Jumbo Box (Lamine Yamal Rookie Autos)
- 2023 Bowman Draft Baseball Jumbo Box (Paul Skenes 1st Bowman Autos and Tom Brady Autos)
- 2018 Bowman Chrome Baseball HTA Box (Shohei Ohtani Rookie Autos)
- 2017 Panini XR Football Hobby Box (Patrick Mahomes Rookie Autos)
- 2023-24 Panini Prizm Deca Basketball Hobby Box (Wembanyama and Thompson Twins Rookie Year)
- 2023 Panini Prizm Football Hobby Box (CJ Stroud Rookie Year)
- 2024 Panini Prizm Football Hobby Box (Jayden Daniels/Caleb Williams/Drake Maye/Bo Nix Rookie Years)
- 2018-19 Panini Absolute Basketball Hobby Box (Luka Doncic / Shai Gilgeous-Alexander Rookie Autos)
- 2015-16 O-Pee-Chee Platinum Hockey Hobby Box (Connor McDavid Rookie Auto)
Sports Card Rookie Packs
1989 Fleer Baseball – A system for finding the Billy Ripken “Fuck Face” card. Essentially, press hard against the back of the pack (at either the top or bottom) and look for: Chuck Crim, Bo Jackson, Bob McClure, Scott Bailes, Chris Sabo, Checklist, Charlie Hayes, Steve Curry, Shawon Dunston, Paul Molitor, or Tony Armas. Due to the way the packs were collated, if those appear when pressed, Ripken is in the pack.
WW2 Men’s Magazines
During World War II, US GIs had access to a variety of pin-up style men’s magazines, often referred to as “cheesecake”. The artwork might be drawings of girls or actual photos of models posing in a variety of burlesque, bespoke, and suggestive poses or scenes. These magazines were considered “pulp,” meaning cheap and disposable.
They rarely showed nudity in any mass-market commercial product, but a few like Gay Life (gay as in happy; produced from 1933?-1939? – link takes you to a magazine example with nudity) did. How this got around the Comstock Act, is anyone’s guess.
Some famous pin-up artists include Peter Driben, Alberto Vargas, George Petty, Vaughan Alden Bass, Al Buell, Earl Morgan, Billy De Vorrs (or De Vorss), and Gil Elvgren.
Some producers of Men’s Magazines include Robert Harrison, Brown and Bigelow, and Louis F Dow Co. (which was a calendar company)
Different magazines focused on different things, such as sadomasochism, “photostories” (which conceptually was created by Robert Harrison and consisted of scantilly clad girls doing routine things like moving furniture over 2-4 pages), interviews, violence/crime, gossip, humor, adventure/mystery/western/detective stories, breaking news type stories, celebrity scandal, and expose/investigative journalism, bawdy stories, letters from readers etc, but they all included a hefty dose of girls and content that appeal to the male gaze.
This article doesn’t purport to be a historical review of “Pin-Ups”; however, for a historical and academic discussion, see the Construction of the Pin-up Girl in US History.
The list below isn’t exhaustive, but only shows some representative examples. For a larger index of Men’s Magazines, see: Index of Men’s Magazines. For a general discussion of pulp magazines, Pulp International (link contains nudity) does a good job.
As in every industry, once someone figures out a winning formula, copycats come out. So, many of these magazines appear similar but are produced by different companies.
Suppose you want to think about the progression of “Girlie Mags that appeal to Men” on a timeline. In that case, it starts in the 1870s with dances like burlesque, belly dancing (especially with Fahreda Mazar aka Little Egypt), and striptease acts by the 1900s. As pulp magazines and film come around by the 1920s it’s “good looking girls” and sex-themed stories, to suggestive/implict in the late 1930s/1940s, to explicit but artistic in the 1950s (with the birth of Playboy and Marilyn Monroe posing nude), to explict nudie and sex films (think 1970s New York Times peep shows; and Deep Throat (film; link goes to wiki article), to mass market and commericalized pornography for porn’s sake in the 1980/1990s without any redeming artistic value. Each sort of decade has had US Supreme Court cases that begin to loosen standards, along with social and technological changes leading us to whatever it is we have now.
For a look at World War Two Civilian Magazines and Newspapers, check out the link.
AUTHOR’S NOTE: Some of the magazines contain stereotypes of women, ethnic/racial stereotypes, implicit violence, non-consensual situations, sexual harassment, and other sexist attitudes that are objectively wrong by today’s standards. The author of this post rejects all of this and offers the information below for historical purposes to exemplify an aspect of World War II material culture.
World War 1 Era Magazines
Snappy Stories – Aug 1912 to 1933/1934. For a historical review, see Snappy Stories. For historical context, see: Viña Delmar, Flapper Fiction, and Snappy Stories Magazine.
Its name changed to Snappy Stories and Pictures in 1927.
The Parisienne – Jul-1915 – Aug-1915. Then from Sep 1915 to Feb 1921, as The Parisienne Monthly Magazine. Then from March 1921 to June 1921, as The New Parisienne Monthly Magazine. Then from July 1921 to April 1922, as The Follies. Finally, from May 1922 to July 1922, as Fascinating Fiction.
Originally named to help ride the wave of French propaganda coming ashore in the US amid WW1.
Gheesh, talk about a rebranding problem.
Breezy Stories or Breezy Stories and Young’s Magazine – The twin titles reflect periods where the publishers would oscillate between the two. Produced between Sept 1915 to Sept 1949.
Saucy Stories – Aug 1916 to May 1925. Then renamed Heart to Heart Stories from June 1925 to July 1925. Likely ceased publication in the mid to late 1920s.
1920s and 1930s Men’s Magazines
Spicy Stories – From Dec 1928 (Vol 1 No 1) to Oct 1928.
The magazine company Culture Publications was then pressured to “clean up” and introduced Spicy Detective, Spicy Adventure Stories, Spicy Western Stories, and Spicy Mystery Stories in the mid-1930s. The magazines augmented the sex appeal to include different kinds of stories to tamp down criticism.
The “Spicy” brand of magazines became very popular. For example, see this Sept 1936 edition.
Dec-1928 – 1930? The King Publishing Co., Dover, Delaware, produced it. In 1933, Merwil Publishing Co., Inc., 480 Lexington Ave., New York City, produced it. Publication lasted until the late 1930s and likely couldn’t translate into the “pin-up” era.
Other Pre-War magazines include: Paris Nights, Pep Stories, Ginger Stories, and Broadway Nights. For a review of popular “girlie pulp” magazines, see The Birth of the Girlie Pulp and 12 examples of Girlie Pulp.
Allure Magazine – Produced from July 1937 (Vol 1, No 1) to Sept 1937 by Yorkhouse Publications, 404 North Wesley Ave., Mt. Morris, Ill.
High Heel – Produced by Silk Stocking (Ultem Publications) between April 1937 (Vol 1, No 1) to 1939?
Silk Stocking – Probably starts in Sept/Oct/Nov 1936, (Vol 1 No 1). First called Silk Stocking Revue (Dec 1936), then changed to Silk Stocking Stories. Ended in 1939.
World War II Era Men’s Magazines
Beauty Parade: This was produced between October 1941 to February 1956 by Robert Harrison. It was one of the first magazines to capitalize on the “Pin-up” craze. He then went on to create Titter, Wink, Flirt, and Eyeful. See the Vol 7 No 3 1948 edition.
Titter: This was produced from Aug 1943 to April 1955 by Robert Harrison. Made famous due to a Band of Brothers, an HBO series, scene. The magazine is 8.5 wide and 11.5 high.
For an example of a post-war copy, see: Titter 1949 Vol 6 No 2.
Wink: This was produced between Summer 1944 to 1955 by Robert Harrison. For a full copy, see Wink Dec 1947.
Eyeful: This was produced between March 1943 to April 1955 by Robert Harrison. Later editions featured Bettie Page. It likely featured all of the popular burlesque, pinup, and stripper models in New York at the time. For a humorous analysis of the April 1949 magazine.
Jessica Rogers (the inspiration for Jessica Rabbit in the film Who Framed Roger Rabbit) was a model/dancer and posed for the magazine?
Giggles: Produced between 1943 to 1946.
Joker: Produced between Spring 1942 to? by Comedy Publications (which had the same Dunellen, NJ business address as Timely/Marvel publishing). Consists of pin-up girls and humorous cartoons. Interestingly, some of Marvel Comics’ illustrators would moonlight under different names for this magazine firm, as it was more adult.
Cutie – May-1944 to Oct-1946. The image is the last edition. A copy of Titter.
The Stocking Parade – Produced from July 1937 (Vol 1, No 1) to June 1943 by Arrow Publications.
Carnival – May 1939 to Jan 1940? It then combined with Show from June 1940 to November 1942 as Carnival Combined with Show (which is just objectively a bad name).
Laff – 1940 to probably the mid to late 1950s by Volitant Publishing. A humorous magazine. For a page-by-page breakdown, see Laff Magazine, Oct 1945. Marilyn Monroe (going by her name, Norma Jean, but misidentified as Jean Norman) was the cover model in the Aug 1946 edition.
This is a great write-up on Adrian Lopez, who created the magazine and went on to build an empire of bulk periodicals.
Gags – 1941 to 1942 by Triangle Publications. A copycat of Laff. The black dot that appears on the cover appears throughout the magazine and is a running joke.
You can download the full copies below. Size is 10 1/2-in. x 13 1/2-in and printed on cheap newspaper print.
Another example is called What’s Cookin! Which was made by the Comic Corporation of America, probably between 1942 to at least 1943. Same concept as Laff. You can view the Vol 1 No 7 Nov 1943 version here.
Post World War II Men’s Magazines
Flirt: This was produced between 1947 to 1955 by Robert Harrison. A pin-up style magazine with “photostories”, jokes, and men’s humor. You can review the Aug 1953 version here.
Confidential: This was produced between November/Dec 1952 to Aug 1958 by Robert Harrison. It was Robert Harrison’s best publication and focused on a lot of scandals, and is kind of a tabloid magazine. The decline of his WW2 “pin-up” magazines and his refusal to do full frontal nudity spreads led him to create this one. Though, he was eventually sued and forced to sell it. It continued publication until 1978.
Whisper: This was produced between April 1946 to probably 1958 by Robert Harrison. It consists of recycled stories from Confidential.
Glance – 1948-1952 by Cape Magazine.
Showgirls – Produced only from 1947 to 1948 by Your Guide Publications. For Vol 1 No 3 from July 1947, see this link.
Cover Girl Models – 1949-1955 by Models Publishing Co
Vue – 1950s to ? The image shows Marilyn Monroe in the August 1952, January 1955, and August 1955 editions.
The Korean War
G-Eyefuls: A Manual of Arms and Legs – By Bill Boltin 1951. A pin-up style book marketed towards soldiers in the Korean War. Burlesque queen Lili St. Cyr appears twice.
Surviving the Second Trump Administration
Below are some guides and information that I’ve found to help plan for various “what if” scenarios to survive different aspects of the 2nd Trump Admin
Organizing and Planning
Indivisible: A Practical Guide to Democracy on the Brink – PDF that outlines how to organize and protest and counter act stupid GOP bullshit and Trump illegal actions.
Insurrection Act
Part 1: On April 20th, 2025, the United States may Cross the Point of No Return.
